论词的“误解误用义”

发布时间：2018-05-16 12:39

本文选题：词义演变 + 误解　；参考：《语言研究》2012年03期

【摘要】：词由于误解误用也会产生新义,这是词义演变的一种方式。汉语史上词义误解误用的常见类型有:训诂学家的错误解释、后代文人误解前代口语词、流俗词源、语言接触过程中的错误理解等。导致词产生误解误用义的常见因素有:意义干扰、读音干扰、词形干扰、内部结构的重新分析、语境误推等,根本原因是"陌生化"。因误解误用而产生新义的现象在其它语言中同样存在。对于在语言发展史上已经完成了词义变化、约定俗成的误解误用义,只能尊重社会的选择。词存在"误解误用义"这一语言事实可以丰富我们对"词是怎样变了意义的"问题的认识,有助于说明汉语史上一些词义的来源,也可以加深人们对语言本质的认识。
[Abstract]:The misuse of words due to misunderstanding will also produce new meanings, which is a way of word meaning evolution. The common types of misinterpretation in the history of Chinese are the misinterpretation of exegesis, the misinterpretation of spoken words by later generations, the misinterpretation of vulgar etymology, the process of language contact, and so on. The common factors leading to misunderstandings and misuses of words are: interference of meaning, interference of pronunciation, interference of word form, re-analysis of internal structure, misinterpretation of context and so on. The fundamental reason is "defamiliarization". The phenomenon of new meanings arising from misunderstandings and misuses also exists in other languages. In the history of language development, we can only respect the choice of society for the misunderstanding and misuse of meaning which has been completed in the history of language development. The fact that words "misunderstand and misuse meaning" can enrich our understanding of the problem of "how words have changed meaning", help to explain the origin of some meanings in the history of Chinese, and also deepen people's understanding of the essence of language.
【作者单位】：浙江大学汉语史研究中心;南京大学文学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“汉语核心词的历史与现状研究”(11BYY062)
【分类号】：H13

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