《新华字典》第11版新增字研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 11:52

本文选题：《新华字典》 + 新增字　；参考：《河北大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：《新华字典》是最具权威性、使用最广泛的工具书之一，2011年商务印书馆出版了《新华字典》第11版。本文以《新华字典》第11版的新增字头为研究对象，通过第11版与第10版的比较，测查得到856个新增字头。本文第二章首先对新增字进行了类析，将新增字分为山水地名用字、古汉语用字、姓氏人名用字、科技术语用字、有关玉的用字和方言用字几大类，探讨这部分字增收的原因及增收后所带来的影响。对一部分字进行了溯源，，以沟通字际关系，观察《新华字典》对于这部分字解释义项的渊源和值得商榷之处。本文第三章分析了新增字在现实语言生活中的实际使用情况。根据2008年度《中国语言生活状况报告》中所公布的《用字总表》，测查出新增856字的使用率和被使用字的出现频次，又以2006-2013年间出版的《人民日报》为语料，观察这些字在现实语言材料中的实际使用以及和《新华字典》所给出的释义的匹配情况，探讨新增字在当今语言生活中发挥的作用。本文第四章首先从简化字类推和异体字两个方面对目前常用的字辞书在体现语言文字规范方面存在的问题进行了简要分析。而后将最新的两部语言文字规范《通用规范汉字表》（征求意见稿）和《现代汉语通用字表》进行比较，得出《规范汉字表》在收字方面的最新变化。对比《新华字典》的新增字，其跟进《规范汉字表》而新增的字占总数的88.7%，反映了《规范汉字表》对《新华字典》修订的绝对影响力。最后对《新华字典》和《规范汉字表》在增收繁体字和异体字方面进行了分析，考察字典对该问题的处理情况，进一步观察字典和语言文字规范之间的关系。通过上述工作，分析探讨了11版增收这部分字的意义与得失，以期为《新华字典》的编纂和修订工作提供一些基础性材料和数据的参考。希望通过这种讨论，探索《新华字典》修订以及完善的方向，并对字辞书的编纂和修订工作起到一些抛砖引玉的作用。
[Abstract]:Xinhua Dictionary is one of the most authoritative and widely used reference books. In this paper, the new prefix of the 11th edition of Xinhua Dictionary is taken as the research object. Through the comparison between the 11th edition and the 10th edition, 856 new characters are obtained. In the second chapter of this paper, the new characters are classified into three categories: landscape place names, ancient Chinese characters, surnames, scientific and technological terms, jade characters and dialect characters. This paper discusses the causes of this part of the increase in income and the impact of the increase in income. In this paper, the origin of some words is traced to the relationship between words, and the origin of the meaning explanation of this part of the word is observed in Xinhua Dictionary, which is open to question. The third chapter analyzes the actual use of new words in real language life. According to the "Chinese word Summary Table" published in the "State of Chinese language Life report" in 2008, the usage rate of the new 856 words and the frequency of occurrence of the used words were measured, and the "People's Daily" published between 2006 and 2013 was used as the language data. This paper observes the actual use of these words in real language materials and their matching with the interpretation given in Xinhua Dictionary, and probes into the role of the new words in the language life today. In the fourth chapter, the author analyzes briefly the problems existing in the common dictionaries from the aspects of simplified analogies and heterotypic characters. Then, by comparing the two latest language and character specifications "General Standard Chinese character Table" (soliciting opinions) and "Modern Chinese General character Table", we can get the latest changes of "standardized Chinese character Table" in the aspect of word receiving. Compared with the newly added characters in Xinhua Dictionary, the new characters accounted for 88.7 of the total, which reflected the absolute influence of the standardized Chinese character Table on the revision of Xinhua Dictionary. In the end, the author analyzes the problem in the addition of traditional characters and variant characters in Xinhua Dictionary and standardized Chinese character Table, investigates the handling of this problem in the dictionary, and further observes the relationship between dictionary and language and character norms. Through the above work, this paper analyzes and discusses the meaning, gain and loss of this part of the characters in the 11th edition, in order to provide some basic materials and data for the compilation and revision of Xinhua Dictionary. Through this discussion, the author hopes to explore the direction of the revision and perfection of Xinhua Dictionary, and play a role in the compilation and revision of the dictionary.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H163;H124

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