基于NPAH理论的英、汉二语习得对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 05:07

本文选题：英、汉关系从句 + 二语习得　；参考：《青岛大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,语言类型学研究吸引了众多语言学家的注意。在对各类关系从句二语习得研究的基础上,其中Keenan和Comrie(1977)提出的“名词性短语可及性层级”假设(Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy,简称NPAH)是基于语言类型学事实提出的一个普遍性理论,这一共性揭示了不同语言关系从句构成的蕴含模式,对关系从句的语言习得,尤其是二语习得产生了巨大的影响。二语习得领域中许多关于关系从句的研究都显示出这个层级的预测性,但也有调查与之矛盾。本文主要围绕以下三个问题进行探讨：(1)分析并比较名词短语可及性层级对中国学习者习得英语关系从句和外国学习者习得汉语关系从句的影响。(2)分析并比较名词短语的生命性对英汉关系从句二语习得的影响。(3)对问卷中的错误类型进行分析。为了方便研究,基于名词短语可及性层级,作者设计了两套调查问卷,以英语的中国学习者为受试对象,选取青岛大学外语学院英语专业一年级和二年级研究生共50名；汉语受试为青岛大学汉语言学院汉语专业一年级和二年级的外国研究生,以韩国人和日本人为主,共30名。运用32个句子的合并测试,比较英、汉关系从句二语习得的异同点,进一步考证名词短语可及性层级的预测力。通过研究表明：对于英语的二语习得一定程度上符合名词短语可及性层级假设,其中在主语位置的正确率最高,是最容易习得的位置；而对于汉语的二语习得并不符合名词短语可及性层级,而是在直接宾语的位置最容易习得,这可能是由于汉语不同于英语属于左分支语言,有其自身的特点。位于可及性层级的DO与OBL在本次实验中分别成为英、汉二语学习者最难习得的关系从句类型。在名词短语的生命性对英、汉二语习得的影响大致相同,英汉资料均显示先行词是否具有生命性对主语位置关系从句习得没有太大的影响,而对于其他位置,包括直接宾语,间接宾语和所属类型从句有较为显著的影响,尤其是对直接宾语位置的影响最大。在错误的类型方面,英语二语习得学习者大部分是将要求的句子变成了被动语态,而汉语的学习者则是大部分没有按照要求变成相应的关系从句。通过对英、汉二语学习者习得关系从句的研究可以看出,英语的中国学习者习得关系从句遵从名词短语可及性层级的预测,而汉语的二语习得顺序与之出入较大,对于出现错误频率的分析,可以帮助学生减少此类错误的出现,顺利掌握各种关系从句的特点,这对于我们之后的英、汉二语习得的学习规律提供了依据,加深并完善我们对自然语言事实和语言习得行为的理解。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the study of linguistic typology has attracted the attention of many linguists. On the basis of the research on the acquisition of various relative clauses, the hypothesis of "noun phrase accessibility hierarchy" proposed by Keenan and Comriebi (1977) is a universal theory based on the facts of linguistic typology. This generality reveals the implied patterns of the formation of relative clauses in different languages and exerts a great influence on the acquisition of relative clauses, especially in second language acquisition. In the field of second language acquisition, many researches on relative clauses show the predictability of this level, but there is also a contradiction between them. This paper focuses on the following three questions: (1) analyzing and comparing the influence of noun phrase accessibility level on Chinese learners' acquisition of English relative clauses and foreign learners' acquisition of Chinese relative clauses. The influence of the life of phrases on the acquisition of relative clauses in English and Chinese. In order to facilitate the study, based on the noun phrase accessibility level, the author designed two sets of questionnaires, taking Chinese English learners as subjects, and selected 50 first-year and second-year English major graduate students from Qingdao University of Foreign languages. Chinese is a foreign graduate student majoring in Chinese major in Qingdao University. It is mainly Korean and Japanese, with 30 students. By combining 32 sentences, this paper compares the similarities and differences between English and Chinese relative clauses acquisition, and further studies the predictive power of noun phrase accessibility level. The results show that: to a certain extent, the acquisition of English second language accords with the noun phrase accessibility level hypothesis, in which the correct rate is the highest in the subject position, and it is the most easily acquired position; However, the second language acquisition of Chinese does not conform to the noun phrase accessibility level, but is the easiest to acquire in the position of direct object, which may be due to the fact that Chinese is different from English in that it belongs to the left branch language and has its own characteristics. Do and OBL at accessibility level are the most difficult relative clause types for ESL learners in this experiment. The effects of noun phrase liveness on English and Chinese second language acquisition are almost the same. Both English and Chinese data show that the existence of the antecedents has little effect on the acquisition of subject-position relative clauses, but for other positions, including direct objects. Indirect objects and subordinate clauses have significant effects, especially on the position of direct objects. In terms of the types of errors most L2 learners change the required sentence into a passive voice while most of the Chinese learners do not turn into the corresponding relative clause as required. From the study of the acquisition of relative clauses by English and Chinese L2 learners, it can be seen that the Chinese learners' acquisition of relative clauses follows the prediction of noun phrase accessibility level, while the order of Chinese second language acquisition is quite different from that of noun phrase accessibility. The analysis of the frequency of errors can help students to reduce the occurrence of such errors and master the characteristics of various relative clauses, which provides the basis for our later learning rules of English and Chinese second language acquisition. Deepen and improve our understanding of natural language facts and language acquisition behavior.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H319.3;H193.5

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