现代汉语否定极性副词分析

发布时间：2018-05-17 05:42

本文选题：否定极性 + 副词　；参考：《浙江大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：副词一直是汉语研究中的热点和难点问题。现代汉语否定极性副词作为汉语副词的一个特殊的类别,近年来也受到许多学者的特别关注。其原因在于,否定极性副词在语法、语义和语用方面都存在其特殊性,在共时和历时上都具有极高的研究价值。因此,需要对其进行系统深入的探讨。本文分为五个章节：第一章是绪论部分,介绍现代汉语否定极性副词作为选题的缘由；回顾和概述以往现代汉语否定极性副词研究的基本状况,指出研究中还存在的问题；并介绍本文的研究方法和语料来源。第二章主要是对现代汉语否定极性副词进行界定,指出否定极性副词是指强制性或倾向性地要求用于否定的语言环境的副词,并确定现代汉语中的28个否定极性副词。第三章详细分析了现代汉语否定极性副词的特征。句法特征主要表现为三个方面：首先,现代汉语否定极性副词在功能上具有单一性,只能充任状语成分。其次,从修饰成分范围看,这类副词都可以作为动修副词使用,但位于句首时其修饰成分范围上存在差异。第三,在成分组合上必须与否定标记共现,且对否定标记有选择性；从共现次序上看,否定极性副词基本符合“否定极性副词否定标记”这一共现规则,只有“一概”、“截然”和“绝然”存在例外的情况；从否定极性副词和谓词成分的位置关系上看,它们都是附谓副词。语义特征主要表现为三个方面：首先,该类词语的词汇意义已经弱化或虚化；其次,该类词语在语义上往往表达一种极性意义；第三,该类副词可以加强否定语义级次；第四,在语义指向上其共同特征为指后、指向句内。语用特征主要表现为两个方面：首先,该类词语具有加强主观态度评价的功能；此外,该类副词还具加强否定语气、提高否定凸显性的功能。第四章研究了现代汉语中部分可以用于肯定结构的否定极性副词,现代汉语中的否定极性副词与英语中的否定极性副词存在不同,它们在一定条件下可以用于肯定结构,这种条件主要表现在四个方面：第一,否定极性副词与含“隐形否定语义”的动词共现；第二,否定极性副词与其他词语形成固定搭配结构；第三,否定极性副词与动词“是”、“有”、助动词“要”连用,动词前可有副词“就”“都”等修饰；第四,否定极性副词与特定副词如“就”、“都”、“只”连用。从原因上分析,这些肯定用例的出现与语言的动态性和语言使用的个体差异性有关。此外,这类副词在不同结构中在语体选择上存在差异。第五章是小结部分,对本文的主要内容和结论进行总结。
[Abstract]:Adverbs have always been a hot and difficult problem in Chinese research. As a special category of Chinese adverbs, modern Chinese negative polar adverbs have been paid special attention by many scholars in recent years. The reason lies in the fact that negative polar adverbs have their particularities in grammar, semantics and pragmatics, and have high research value in synchronic and diachronic aspects. Therefore, it needs to be systematically and deeply discussed. This paper is divided into five chapters: The first chapter is the introduction part, introduces the reason why the negative polar adverbs are chosen in modern Chinese, reviews and summarizes the basic situation of the previous researches on the negative polar adverbs in modern Chinese, and points out the problems in the research. It also introduces the research methods and data sources of this paper. The second chapter mainly defines the negative polar adverbs in modern Chinese, pointing out that the negative polar adverbs are the adverbs that are used in the negative language environment and 28 negative polar adverbs in modern Chinese. The third chapter analyzes the characteristics of negative polarity adverbs in modern Chinese. The syntactic features are mainly expressed in three aspects: firstly, the negative polar adverbs in modern Chinese have single function and can only be used as adverbial components. Secondly, from the range of modifiers, these adverbs can be used as verb-modifying adverbs, but at the beginning of sentences, there are differences in the scope of modifiers. Thirdly, the composition must be coexisting with the negative marker, and the negative marker is selective. From the co-occurrence order, the negative polar adverb basically conforms to the "negative polar adverb negative marker". There are exceptions to "absolute" and "absolute", and they are all appended adverbs from the point of view of the position relationship between negative polar adverbs and predicate components. Semantic features are mainly manifested in three aspects: first, the lexical meaning of this kind of words has been weakened or empty; secondly, this kind of words often express a polar meaning in semantic; third, this kind of adverbs can strengthen the negative semantic level; fourth, In the semantic point of its common feature is after the point, pointing to the inside of the sentence. The pragmatic features are mainly shown in two aspects: first, this kind of words have the function of strengthening subjective attitude evaluation; in addition, these adverbs also have the function of strengthening negative mood and enhancing the salience of negation. The fourth chapter studies some negative polarity adverbs which can be used for positive structure in modern Chinese. The negative polar adverbs in modern Chinese are different from those in English, and they can be used for positive structures under certain conditions. This condition is mainly manifested in four aspects: first, negative polar adverbs co-occur with verbs containing "implicit negative semantics"; second, negative polar adverbs form a fixed collocation structure with other words; third, The negative polar adverbs are used with the verb "yes", "you", the auxiliary verb "want", the verb can be preceded by adverbs such as "du" and so on; fourthly, the negative polar adverbs are used with certain adverbs such as "just", "du", "only". From the analysis of reasons, the emergence of these positive use cases is related to the dynamics of language and the individual difference of language use. In addition, there are differences in stylistic selection between these adverbs in different structures. The fifth chapter is a summary of the main contents and conclusions of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】