预设否定副词“空”和“虚”的比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 21:20

本文选题：“空”和“虚” + 句法形式　；参考：《上海师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文主要探讨现代汉语中预设否定副词“空”和“虚”在句法形式、语义特点、主观性表达以及语法化方面的差异。除前言和结论外，，主要分为四个部分：第一章着重分析了“空”和“虚”这两个预设否定副词在句法分布和搭配方式上的差异。对现代汉语中七个预设否定副词“白、空、干、瞎、徒、虚、枉”在句法形式方面的特点进行大致比较，发现它们有一定的共性，但在使用的年代、范围、方式、频率等方面也存在一定的差异。本章从句法成分的结构特点、搭配动词的静态分类、搭配对象的语义特征以及否定副词叠加的组合搭配等方面，对现代汉语预设否定副词“空”和“虚”的句法特征做出共时平面的形式描写和分析比较。第二章主要研究预设否定副词“空”和“虚”在现代汉语中语义特点与语体特征方面的差异。本章以各类工具书中的注释为基础，从间接比较到直接比较对“空”和“虚”的个性特征进行了深层次挖掘，以充分地阐述这两个副词在共时平面的语义表达特性。我们认为“空”和“虚”的所有语义特征都是表达说话人的一种“倾向性的主观情态”，这就是高层次语义，也是主观性语义。第三章重点考察否定副词“空”和“虚”的主观程度和表达效果的差异。通过借鉴认知语言学的相关知识尤其是理想化认知模式理论，以及主观性、主观化理论，重点对语言事实进行详细描写与功能解释，我们认为主观性既可以是语义上的表现也可以是语用上的表达效果。第四章着眼于探讨“空”与“虚”的语法化动因与机制差异。通过查找两词在历史文献中的使用情况，从自身语义条件和句法环境两个方面展开论述语法化的动因，探寻语义发生演变的临界点，进而结合映射和意象图式等理论从认知隐喻和语用推理方面讨论触发这种语法化现象的机制，以及两词在虚化的过程中主观化程度所发生的变化。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the differences in syntactic form, semantic characteristics, subjective expression and grammaticalization between the presupposition negative adverbs "empty" and "vacuity" in modern Chinese. In addition to the preface and conclusion, it is divided into four parts: Chapter one focuses on the differences of syntactic distribution and collocation between empty and empty presupposition negative adverbs. By comparing the syntactic characteristics of the seven presupposition negative adverbs "White, empty, dry, blind, empty, empty and vain" in modern Chinese, it is found that they have some common features, but in the age, scope and mode of use, There are some differences in frequency and so on. In this chapter, the structural characteristics of syntactic components, the static classification of collocation verbs, the semantic characteristics of collocation objects and the combination and collocation of superposition of negative adverbs are discussed. The syntactic features of the presupposition negative adverbs "empty" and "empty" in modern Chinese are described and compared in synchronic plane. The second chapter mainly studies the differences between "empty" and "empty" in the semantic and stylistic features of the presupposition negative adverbs in modern Chinese. Based on the notes in various reference books, this chapter excavates the personality characteristics of "empty" and "empty" from indirect comparison to direct comparison, in order to fully expound the semantic expression characteristics of these two adverbs in the synchronic plane. We think that all the semantic features of "empty" and "empty" are the subjective modality of expressing the speaker's tendency, which is high level semantics and subjective semantics. The third chapter focuses on the difference of the subjective degree and expression effect of negative adverbs "empty" and "empty". By learning from the relevant knowledge of cognitive linguistics, especially the idealized cognitive model theory, as well as subjective and subjective theory, this paper focuses on the detailed description and functional explanation of linguistic facts. We think that subjectivity can be both semantic expression and pragmatic expression effect. Chapter four focuses on the grammatical motivation and mechanism difference between emptiness and vacuity. By looking up the usage of the two words in the historical literature, this paper discusses the causes of grammaticalization from two aspects of their own semantic conditions and syntactic environment, and explores the critical point of semantic evolution. Furthermore, combining the theories of mapping and image schema, this paper discusses the mechanism of triggering this grammaticalization phenomenon from the aspects of cognitive metaphor and pragmatic inference, and the changes of the degree of subjectivization of the two words in the process of vacualization.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】