现代汉语非现实句的语义系统

发布时间：2018-05-21 14:25

本文选题：非现实 + 情态范畴　；参考：《世界汉语教学》2012年04期

【摘要】："非现实"是和"现实"相对的一种情态范畴。现代汉语表达非现实情态意义的句子有十多种,这些句子虽然语义复杂,但因其共有的非现实性特征而聚合为一类。本文采用语义特征分析法和原型理论,根据各种非现实句所属认知域及其非现实性特征的异同,构建了现代汉语非现实句的语义系统,从而初步建立了汉语非现实范畴的语义系统:这是一个从认识域(包括推断和推测两类)到时间域(包括限时和泛时两类)的连续统。研究结果表明,各种非现实句(包括分句)因非现实性强弱的不同而有典型和非典型之别,汉语非现实情态范畴是一种原型范畴。文中还从否定句的双重语义性质角度解释了其在现实/非现实系统中的归属分歧。
[Abstract]:Non-reality is a kind of modality category opposite to reality. There are more than ten kinds of sentences which express non-realistic modal meanings in modern Chinese. Although the semantics of these sentences are complicated, they are grouped into one class because of their common features of non-reality. In this paper, semantic feature analysis and prototype theory are used to construct the semantic system of modern Chinese nonrealistic sentences according to the similarities and differences of cognitive domains and their non-realistic features of various kinds of nonrealistic sentences. Thus the semantic system of Chinese non-realistic category is preliminarily established: it is a continuum from cognitive domain (including inference and speculation) to time domain (including time-limited and pan-temporal). The results show that all kinds of nonrealistic sentences (including clauses) are typical and atypical because of the different strength and weakness of non-reality, and the category of Chinese non-realistic modality is a prototype category. From the perspective of the dual semantic nature of the negative sentence, the paper also explains its attribution differences in the real / non-realistic system.
【作者单位】：河南大学文学院/语言科学与语言规划研究所;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“现代汉语非现实范畴研究”(12YJA740108) 国家语委“十二五”科研规划重点项目(ZDI125-12) 河南省博士后科研启动项目资助
【分类号】：H146

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