温度词“热、冷、温、凉”语义演变的历史考察

发布时间：2018-05-23 14:00

本文选题：温度 + 语义　；参考：《江西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：认知语言学认为，人们习惯于运用身体体验的概念表达非身体体验的概念，，即用较具体的概念表达较抽象的概念。由“热”、“冷”、“温”、“凉”共同构建的温度概念，是人类生活中最基本概念之一，最基本认知域之一。通过研究温度词语义的历时演变，对汉语史研究、认识词汇全貌有重要的作用。本文主要运用共时比较和历时比较相结合，归纳法与演绎法相结合，描写与解释相结合的研究方法，对四个温度词“热”、“冷”、“温”、“凉”的语义演变作了历史考察，力求得出贴近事实的结论。共五章，分为三个部分。第一部分为引言。介绍了选题缘由和意义，以及当前研究现状。第二部分为第一至四章。分别考察了“热”、“冷”、“温”、“凉”四个词从先秦到当代的语义演变。“热”共映射到15个范畴：疾病、处境、心理、属性、权势、情感、场景、戏曲、时间、行为、程度、性格、文章、言语、关系范畴；“冷”共映射到19个范畴：属性、心理、情感、文章、疾病、态度、权势、状态、性格、场景、听觉、颜色、程度、时间、言语、戏曲、关系、战争、兵器；“温”共映射到12个范畴：性情、态度、知识、声音、颜色、疾病、生活境况、属性、心理、文章、嗅觉、情感范畴；“凉”共映射到10个范畴：心理、场景、属性、生活境况、情感、时间、程度、性格、关系、言语范畴。还考察了开始映射到各个范畴的时间，并分别描述四个温度词在每个范畴中的历时演变。此外，理清了各个范畴之间的映射关系，“温度”范畴与各个范畴之间并非简单的一对多关系。最后，力图对语义演变做出认知上的简要解释。第三部分为第五章。对四个温度词作了横向比较。演变的相同之处：都是从具体到抽象；映射的范畴多数是相同的，如“属性”、“疾病”、“心理”、“情感”、“程度”范畴；演变的认知理据大多相同。不同之处：映射的范畴的数量不同，“热”和“冷”最多，“温”和“凉”相对较少；即使在同一范畴内，每个词扩展的深度不同，通常“热”和“冷”更深入，“温”和“凉”相对较浅。因为“热”和“冷”处于“温度”范畴的两个极端，更为凸显，更便于映射到程度范畴；更多情况下，“热”和“冷”是“心理”和“情感”发生时相伴随的生理体验；“热”和“冷”本身隐含着危险、不舒服等等。但总体上四个词的演变同大于异。四个温度词语义的历时演变有两个共同特点：语义演变的复杂性与使用频率成正比；语义演变与句法变化紧密相关。
[Abstract]:Cognitive linguistics holds that people are accustomed to use the concept of physical experience to express the concept of non-physical experience, that is, to express more abstract concepts with more concrete concepts. The concept of temperature, which is constructed by "heat", "cold", "warm" and "cool", is one of the most basic concepts in human life and one of the most basic cognitive domains. The diachronic evolution of the meaning of temperature words plays an important role in the study of Chinese history. By combining synchronic comparison with diachronic comparison, inductive method and deductive method, description and explanation, this paper makes a historical investigation on the semantic evolution of the four temperature words "hot", "cold", "warm" and "cool". Try to draw a conclusion close to the facts. There are five chapters, divided into three parts. The first part is the introduction. This paper introduces the reason and significance of the topic, as well as the current research situation. The second part is the first to fourth chapters. This paper examines the semantic evolution of "hot", "cold", "Wen" and "cool" from pre-Qin to contemporary. "Hot" is mapped to 15 categories: disease, situation, psychology, attribute, power, emotion, scene, drama, time, behavior, degree, character, article, speech, relation category, and "cold" mapping to 19 categories: attribute, psychology, emotion, drama, time, behavior, degree, character, article, speech, relation category. Emotion, article, disease, attitude, power, state, character, scene, hearing, color, degree, time, speech, drama, relationship, war, weapon; "Wen" is mapped to 12 categories: temperament, attitude, knowledge, sound, Color, disease, living condition, attribute, psychology, article, smell, emotion category; "cool" mapping to 10 categories: psychology, scene, attribute, living circumstance, emotion, time, degree, character, relationship, speech category. The time of mapping to each category is examined, and the diachronic evolution of the four temperature words in each category is described. In addition, the mapping relationship between each category is clarified. The "temperature" category is not a simple one-to-many relationship between each category. Finally, it tries to make a cognitive brief explanation of semantic evolution. The third part is the fifth chapter. The four temperature words are compared horizontally. The similarities of evolution are from concrete to abstract; the categories of mapping are mostly the same, such as "attribute", "disease", "psychology", "emotion", "degree", and the cognitive motivation of evolution is mostly the same. Differences: the number of categories mapped varies, with "hot" and "cold" the most, and "warm" and "cool" relatively few; even within the same category, each word expands at different depths, usually "hot" and "cold" deeper. "warm" and "cool" are relatively shallow. Because "hot" and "cold" are in the two extremes of "temperature", they are more prominent and more convenient to map to the category of degree, and in more cases, "heat" and "cold" are the physiological experience accompanying "psychology" and "emotion". Heat and cold themselves imply danger, discomfort, and so on. But on the whole, the evolution of the four words is greater than difference. The diachronic evolution of the four temperature words has two common characteristics: the complexity of semantic evolution is proportional to the frequency of usage, and the semantic evolution is closely related to syntactic changes.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H13

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