清末至新中国成立（1892-1949）汉字改革史论

发布时间：2018-05-26 16:25

本文选题：汉字改革史论 + 切音字运动　；参考：《河北师范大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：清末至新中国成立大半个世纪时间里，中国社会经历了一场轰轰烈烈的汉字改革运动，深刻触及了语言文字的诸多核心问题，拓展了传统文字学、音韵学、方言学、语法学的研究领域，促进了近代科学语言学的历程，具有重大的学术价值与应用价值。对汉字改革史进行深入系统研究，是构建科学汉字史的需要，，同时关系到语言文字政策的制定与实施、语言文字应用与规范等众多现实问题；系统梳理既往历史，发掘其间经验教训，是深化语言文字本体研究的需要，也是当前语文现代化建设的重要基础。目前为止，一部全面、客观的汉字改革史尚处空白，本文拟就此做初步尝试。借助有关汉字改革的概论性、史料性、专题性论著，参考当时的报纸、期刊、呈帖、会议决议、政府公文、书信札记等零散资料，依据运动的主流形式，分为相关系列专题，运用史论结合法与比较分析法，按照时间顺序进行整理与研究，力求写出一部具有一定史料价值与理论价值的汉字改革史。文章主要分为五个部分：一、切音字运动：结合时代背景，系统介绍切音字运动者的各自方案及其在社会推行上所做的种种努力；从民众心理接受程度、受教对象成分组成、办学经费来源、学后实际用途、社会朝野态度等几个方面辩证考察切音字的传播实效；深入分析运动中所涉及的汉字的本质与功用、汉字的繁难与优劣、国语方言的对立与统一、语言文字的脱节与一致、切音方案的深入与浅出、传统文化的继承与扬弃等一系列理论与实践问题。二、注音字母运动：梳理注音字母制定过程中学理论争的核心矛盾以及操作层面的主要问题；考察注音字母的社会推行情况及其正式公布后自身体系的修订与完善；分析注音字母得以成功的深层原因与学术启示。三、简体字运动：从理论探讨、编制字表、社会推行等角度整理简体字运动史况；分析简体字运动的积极意义及其影响深远的各种遗留问题。四、国语罗马字运动：详细讲述国语罗马字制定过程中长期的理论探讨以及各种方案的研制；阐释国语罗马字的社会推行概况及其难以推行的社会原因与学理因素；分析国语罗马字运动的历史意义与影响。五、拉丁化新文字运动：梳理拉丁化新文字在国外的研制与施行情况；介绍其引入国内之后的理论宣传与舆论打造等全面开展情况；详细考察拉丁化新文字运动的历史意义与局限。构建汉字改革史，需要宏观视野、理性思辨与独到角度，限于本人的学识与精力，文章存在诸多不足，今后定会不断做出修正与完善。
[Abstract]:During the last half century from the end of Qing Dynasty to the founding of New China, Chinese society experienced a vigorous Chinese character reform movement, deeply touched on the core problems of language and characters, and expanded traditional philology, phonology, and dialectology. The research field of grammar has promoted the course of modern science linguistics and has great academic value and application value. It is necessary to construct a scientific history of Chinese characters to make a thorough and systematic study of the history of Chinese character reform, which is related to many practical problems, such as the formulation and implementation of the policy of language and character, the application and standardization of language and character, and so on. Exploring the experience and lessons is the need to deepen the study of the ontology of language and characters, and is also the important foundation of the modernization of Chinese at present. So far, a comprehensive and objective history of Chinese character reform is still blank, this paper intends to make a preliminary attempt. With the help of the general, historical and thematic works on the reform of Chinese characters, and referring to the newspapers, periodicals, postings, conference resolutions, government documents, notes of letters and other scattered materials at that time, according to the mainstream form of the movement, they are divided into related series of topics. By using the combination of historical theory and comparative analysis, this paper tries to write out a history of Chinese character reform with certain historical and theoretical value by arranging and studying in order of time order. The article is divided into five parts: First, the character cutting movement: according to the background of the times, it systematically introduces the respective plans of the phonetic movement and their efforts in the social implementation; from the level of the psychological acceptance of the public, the composition of the object of education, the source of funding for the school, The actual use after school, the attitude of the government and the opposition, and so on, dialectically investigate the transmission effect of the Chinese characters, deeply analyze the essence and function of the Chinese characters involved in the movement, the difficulties and advantages of the Chinese characters, the opposites and the unity of the Mandarin dialects. A series of theoretical and practical problems, such as the disconnection and consistency of language and characters, the deepening and exiting of the sound cutting scheme, the inheritance and sublation of traditional culture, etc. Second, phonetic alphabet movement: combing the core contradiction of academic theory and the main problems in operation level in the process of phonetic alphabet formulation, investigating the social implementation of phonetic letter and the revision and perfection of its own system after its official publication; This paper analyzes the deep reasons and academic enlightenment of the success of phonetic letters. Thirdly, the movement of simplified Chinese characters: from the angle of theoretical discussion, compilation of word lists and social implementation, the paper arranges the history of simplified Chinese characters movement, and analyzes the positive significance of the movement of simplified Chinese characters and the various problems left over with far-reaching influence. (4) the movement of Mandarin Roman characters: detailed description of the long-term theoretical discussion and development of various schemes in the process of making Mandarin Roman characters, explaining the general situation of the social implementation of Mandarin Roman characters and the social reasons and theoretical factors which are difficult to implement; This paper analyzes the historical significance and influence of Roman characters movement in Mandarin. Fifth, the new Latin character movement: combing the development and implementation of new Latin characters in foreign countries, introducing its theoretical propaganda and public opinion after its introduction into the country, and so on. The historical significance and limitation of the Latinized New characters Movement are investigated in detail. In order to construct the history of Chinese character reform, we need macroscopic vision, rational thinking and original angle, limited to my knowledge and energy, and the article has many shortcomings, which will be revised and perfected in the future.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H125;K26

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