基于声学特征的非母语汉语一级单元音语音测试研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 18:05

本文选题：语音测试 + 声学特征　；参考：《湖南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了满足外国留学生来华学习的需求，国内多所高校陆续开展了对外汉语教学。对外汉语语音教学是对外汉语教学的基础，但同时也是重点和难点。语音测试是公认地促进语音教学最有效的方法之一。目前在国内，由国家汉办开发的汉语水平考试（HSK）采用了语音测试（口语考试）。然而，其语音测试依然采用传统的评分员主观评分方式，且语音测试成本过高，劳动强度过大，，统一的评分标准难以形成，因而评分的信度问题由此产生。因此，如何科学客观正确地测出非母语汉语学习者的语音问题一直是当今对外汉语语音测试与研究领域的热点。针对上述传统语音测试方法的不足和缺陷，本文将从声学语音学和实验语音学的角度出发，以汉语中的七个核心一级单元音作为测试目标，对其评分标准和评分方法进行了讨论。本研究的主要工作包括： 1.从声学语音学角度的出发，提出如何将元音的声学特征即共振峰运用于非母语汉语一级单元音语音测试研究中。 2.结合共振峰值寻求对CAP三级评判假设的量化并提供可参考的量化范围 3.参考共振峰值以及评分结果，相比较母语汉语学习者的发音而言，总结和归纳汉语非母语学习者在汉语一级单元音发音上存在的典型的偏误。通过Praat语音软件切音分析，本文提取了受试者的语音声学参数共振峰值，就共振峰值对比分析了受试者发音和标准参照音，并且对正确、可接受、有缺陷三级评分维度进行了分析。实验结果显示，基于元音声学特征的语音测试方法是可取的，利用元音的共振峰值和声学元音图可以有效地帮助测试非母语汉语一级单元音发音；基于共振峰值的CAP三级评判假设在一定程度上得到了量化，受试者7个汉语一级单元音的正确发音在共振峰值上都可以区别于可接受发音，但对于元音[,]来说，如何区别其可接受发音和有缺陷发音还需要进一步的研究；受试者对于七个汉语一级单元音发音的主要问题在于：在元音[a,i,u,]上表现为发音部位趋央趋松；而在元音[y,,]上表现为发音部位不固定，在区分舌尖前后元音[,]，存在较大的困难。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the needs of foreign students to study in China, many colleges and universities have started teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Phonetics teaching as a foreign language is the basis of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, but it is also a key and difficult point. Phonetic testing is one of the most effective methods to promote phonetic teaching. At present, the Chinese proficiency Test (HSK), developed by the National Chinese language Office, has adopted the phonetic test (oral test). However, the traditional subjective scoring method is still used in speech testing, and the cost of speech testing is too high, the labor intensity is too high, and the unified scoring standard is difficult to form. Therefore, how to measure the pronunciation of non-native Chinese learners scientifically and objectively has always been a hot topic in the field of Chinese pronunciation testing and research. In view of the shortcomings and defects of the traditional phonetic testing methods mentioned above, this paper will take the seven core primary unit sounds in Chinese as the test target from the angles of acoustic phonetics and experimental phonetics. The evaluation criteria and methods are discussed. The main work of this study includes: 1. From the point of view of acoustic phonetics, this paper puts forward how to apply the acoustic characteristics of vowels, that is, the resonance peak, to the study of the first class unit pronunciation of non-native Chinese. 2. Seeking quantization of CAP Three-level judgment hypothesis and providing reference quantization range in combination with Resonance Peak 3. Referring to the resonance peak and the score results, compared with the pronunciation of native Chinese learners, we summarize and conclude the typical errors of Chinese non-native language learners in the pronunciation of Chinese primary unit sounds. In this paper, the speech acoustic parameter resonance peak of the subjects is extracted by Praat speech software, and the pronunciation and standard reference sound of the subjects are compared and analyzed, which is correct and acceptable. The defective three-level score dimension was analyzed. The experimental results show that the phonetic testing method based on the acoustic characteristics of vowels is desirable. Using the resonance peak of vowels and the acoustic vowels graph can effectively help to test the first class unit pronunciation of non-native Chinese. The CAP three-level judgment hypothesis based on the resonance peak is quantified to some extent. The correct pronunciation of the primary unit sound in the seven subjects can be distinguished from the acceptable pronunciation on the resonance peak, but for vowel [,], Further research is needed on how to distinguish the acceptable pronunciation from the defective pronunciation. The main problems of the subjects for the pronunciation of the seven primary unit sounds in Chinese are as follows: in vowels, the pronunciation position tends to be loosened; However, the vowels [yong,] are not fixed in pronunciation, and it is difficult to distinguish the vowels before and after the tip of the tongue.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195

【参考文献】