英汉垂直方位词隐喻化对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 19:00

本文选题：方位词 + 方位隐喻　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：人类通过各种感官去感知空间的上-下、里-外、前-后、远-近、高-低等方位，从而形成方位概念。根据人类的认知规律，人们用这些熟悉的方位概念去认知那些抽象的未知概念，于是这些方位词除了本身的方位意义之外，逐渐产生了很多隐喻拓展义。认知语言学认为，这些方位词的隐喻拓展义不是任意的，而是有理据的。Lakoff与Johnson (2003)在他们合著的《我们赖以生存的隐喻》中提出概念隐喻一词，其中，作为概念隐喻的一个分支的方位隐喻以方位概念为始源域向其它目标域进行映射，使抽象的概念变得具体，从而有助于人们对其它抽象概念的认知。此外，根据Goossens (1990)和其他一些认知语言学家的观点，转喻和隐喻作为重要的认知模式，两者之间具有互动关系，共同作用于词汇新义的生成。近年来，越来越多的学者从不同的角度研究方位词的拓展义，但从概念隐喻理论和隐转喻理论角度对英汉上-下、高-低、深-浅这三组垂直方位词的隐喻拓展义的对比研究却不多见。本文旨在前人研究的基础上，试图以Lakoff与Johnson的概念隐喻理论和Goossens的隐转喻理论为基础，通过对作者收集的以上三组英汉垂直方位词隐喻拓展义的语料进行对比研究，，分析其隐喻拓展义的理据，找出其相同点和不同点，并探讨异同背后的相关原因。本研究所用语料主要来自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》和《新牛津英汉双解大词典》等权威词典、北京大学中国语言学研究中心现代汉语语料库、英国国家语料库、美国当代英语语料库、汉典网。研究的过程主要包括：语料收集、语料分类、语料分析及对比分析。本文主要采用定性分析法。研究结果表明，英汉垂直方位词上-下涉及的目标域主要包括数量域、时间域、情感域、社会等级域、社会评价域；高-低涉及的目标域主要包括数量域、时间域、情感域、社会等级域、社会评价域、声音域；深-浅涉及的目标域主要包括情感域、知识域、时间域、程度域。其中，在同一目标域中英汉同一方位词的隐喻义既有相似性又有差异性。造成这种相似性的原因主要是英汉语使用者共同的空间体验以及认知思维在某些方面存在一定的相似性，而造成不同的原因主要是英汉不同的文化、英汉两种语言的不同特点以及英汉语使用者不同的思维模式等因素所致。本研究的成果至少具有以下两个应用价值：其一、有助于英汉方位词隐喻拓展义的深层对比研究；其二、在英语教学和对外汉语教学中，通过增进学生对英汉文化的深入了解，有助于学生全面掌握词汇的内涵意义，同时有助于学生更好地掌握这三组垂直方位词隐喻拓展义的英汉互译。最后需要指出的是，本论题作为对英汉方位词拓展义研究的新尝试，还可以从翻译、词典或教材编撰等角度进行相关深入探讨。
[Abstract]:Human beings perceive the upper-lower, inner-outer, front-rear, far-near, high-low orientation of space through various senses, thus forming the concept of azimuth. According to the laws of human cognition, people use these familiar concepts of orientation to recognize the abstract unknown concepts. Therefore, in addition to their own sense of orientation, these words gradually produce a lot of metaphorical extension meanings. Cognitive linguistics holds that the metaphorical extension of these locational words is not arbitrary, but is justified. Lakoff and Johnson / 2003) put forward the term conceptual metaphor in metaphor for our existence. As a branch of conceptual metaphor, azimuth metaphor maps the concept of orientation to other target domains, which makes abstract concepts concrete and helps people to understand other abstract concepts. In addition, according to Goossens / 1990) and other cognitive linguists, metonymy and metaphor, as important cognitive models, interact with each other in the generation of lexical new meanings. In recent years, more and more scholars have studied the extended meaning of locative words from different angles, but from the perspective of conceptual metaphor theory and implicit metonymy theory, they have studied the upper-bottom, high- and low-level of English and Chinese. The contrastive study of metaphorical extension of these three groups of vertical azimuth words is rare. Based on the conceptual metaphor theory of Lakoff and Johnson and the implicit metonymy theory of Goossens, this paper attempts to make a comparative study of the three groups of English and Chinese metaphorical extension data collected by the author. This paper analyzes the motivation of its metaphorical extension, finds out its similarities and differences, and probes into the relevant reasons behind the similarities and differences. The lexicon of this research mainly comes from such authoritative dictionaries as Oxford Advanced English-Chinese Dictionary and New Oxford English-Chinese Dictionary, the Modern Chinese Corpus of Peking University's Center for Chinese Linguistics, and the British National Corpus. American Contemporary English Corpus, Handian Web site. The research process includes corpus collection, corpus classification, corpus analysis and comparative analysis. This paper mainly adopts qualitative analysis method. The results show that the target domains in the upper-lower perpendicular words in English and Chinese mainly include the quantitative domain, the time domain, the emotional domain, the social rank domain, the social evaluation domain, the high-low involvement domain mainly includes the quantity domain, the time domain, the emotion domain, the high and low involve the target domain mainly including the quantity domain, the time domain, the emotion domain. Social rank domain, social evaluation domain, sound domain, deep-shallow target domain mainly include emotion domain, knowledge domain, time domain, degree domain. The metaphorical meanings of English and Chinese words in the same target domain are both similar and different. The main reasons for this similarity are the common spatial experience of English and Chinese users and the similarity of cognitive thinking in some aspects, while the different reasons are mainly caused by different cultures in English and Chinese. Different features of English and Chinese and different thinking patterns of English and Chinese users. The results of this study have at least the following two applied values: first, it is helpful to the deep contrastive study of the extension of metaphor in English and Chinese locative words; secondly, in the teaching of English and Chinese as a foreign language, students can have a deeper understanding of English and Chinese culture by enhancing their understanding of English and Chinese culture. It is helpful for students to grasp the connotative meaning of vocabulary and to better understand the translation of metaphorical extension of these three groups of perpendicular words into English and Chinese. Finally, it should be pointed out that as a new attempt to expand the meaning of orientational words in English and Chinese, this thesis can also be further explored from the perspectives of translation, dictionary and textbook compilation.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H313;H136

【参考文献】