认知语言学视域下的汉语多义词研究
发布时间:2018-05-30 19:15
本文选题:多义词 + 语义特征 ; 参考:《吉林大学》2013年博士论文
【摘要】:多义性是自然语言的一个本质特征,语言中存在着各种形式、不同层次的多义现象,多义现象更有复杂的形成机制和运作原理。词汇是语言的载体,所以词汇研究应该得到重视。汉语多义词的研究是近年来热门的认知语言学的主要研究内容之一,国外的学者从不同的角度对多义词现象进行论述,取得了较为丰硕的成果,国内语言学者对多义词的认知研究也在不断地扩展、深化和完善。但国内外的学者们都将对多义词的研究焦点投放在词义的扩展方式及多义性和文化的关系等方面,尚未对多义词的功能问题给予更多地关注。本文正是立足于此观点,将汉语多义词的研究限定在认知语言学的视域内,对汉语多义词的意义网络构建和多义词的功能问题做了较为全面地考察,论述角度继承并发展了索绪尔关于词义解释的“意念论”观点,将词的意义界定为“词指称对象条件的集合”,将词的“语义特征”看成是它的“指称条件”。一个词语只用来指称一个事物的时候,它只有一个意义。当一个词可以用来指称很多不同的对象时,那么词的多义性就产生了,不论这个词是通过什么方式(隐喻或转喻)实现的,这个词就是多义词。 本文以“口”类属语义场中的多义词“吃”为例,对多义词“吃”的考察采用“共时”和“历时”相结合的方法。全文包括引言、正文、结论三个部分,正文部分包含五章:文献综述、多义词的性质和特征、多义词产生的内在机制和途径、多义词的语义网络模式和多义词功能的实现。 引言部分,介绍了选题的意义、研究的整体思路、研究方法以及材料的说明。 第一章,文献综述,评价了国内和国外对多义词和一词多义问题研究的进展。分别从国内认知语言学对多义词的研究、国内认知语言学对多义词“吃”的研究、国外认知语言学对多义词的研究三个方面进行了研究述评。 第二章,多义词的性质和特征分析,是本文的理论基础,是本文研究的根基。首先讨论了有关词义的属性,将“词义”界定为“对象条件的总和,即实现指称功能的条件集合。”然后界定了多义词的意义,即多义词是能用于指称两个或两个以上的对象的词。并讨论了“多义词”的性质和特征,最后将“同音同形异义词”、“一词多义”、“古今义变词”和“功能词”排除在多义词的范畴之外。 第三章,多义词产生的内在机制和途径分析。多义词的产生源于语言形式的有限性和交际需要的无限性,词义(指称条件的范畴化特征)是多义词产生的内在机制,即指称条件的范畴化特征。认知范畴为多义词的产生提供了基础,而隐喻和转喻是多义词产生的途径,这种认知途径使得词义由单一变为多义。 第四章,探讨多义词的语义网络模式,这一章也是本文的核心章节。传统的研究把这个网络按照多义词义项的地位分成基本意义和引申意义,引申意义是从基本意义派生出来的。另一种解释着眼于各个意义之间的联系方式分为各种不同的模式,探讨了多义词各个义项之间的关系,寻找计算多义词义项数量的办法。实际上语义网络是很复杂的,本章以语义特征为核心,以“口”类属语义场中的多义词“吃”为例,研究构建多义词的语义网络模式。最后得出结论,词义的变化是由两种模式决定的——指称条件独立和指称条件交集。 第五章,探讨多义词功能的实现。词的功能就是指称对象,意义是在指称对象的过程中显现出来的。多义词功能的实现指的就是多义词指称某个对象。多义词指称功能的实现与人的认知语境关系密切,多义词指称功能的实现要满足语境和谐原则,而语境和谐是通过语境的可及性原则得以实现的。最后,还列举了多义词句法功能的特殊例证:语言的幽默、双关和讽刺,并发现多义词的歧义问题是造成这些例证出现的根本原因。 第六章为结论,认为多义词的新意义建构通过两种方式:①原有指称限制条件独立或组合。②原有指称限制条件向新限制集合投射并突显。并认为多义词的功能通过语境可及性原则得以实现。本文解决了多义词的意义建构以及其功能实现问题,但没有从根本解决多义词义项数量的问题,对多义词的功能实现问题研究得也不够深入。不管怎样,,通过“指称限制条件”来讨论意义及功能实现问题都是一个全新的视角,为今后的多义词研究开辟了一个新方向。
[Abstract]:The study of polysemous words in Chinese is one of the main research contents of cognitive linguistics .
In this paper , taking the " eat " as an example in the semantic field of " mouth " , this paper applies the method of " co - operation " and " diachronic " to the study of the " eating " of polysemous words . The whole includes three parts : preface , text and conclusion . The text part contains five chapters : literature review , the nature and characteristics of polysemous words , the intrinsic mechanism and approach of polysemous words , the semantic network model of polysemous words and the realization of polysemous functions .
The introduction part introduces the significance of the topic selection , the overall thinking of the research , the research method and the explanation of material .
In the first chapter , the article reviews the progress of researches on polysemous words and polysemous words in China and abroad , and reviews the study of polysemous words from the perspective of cognitive linguistics in China , the study on the " eating " of polysemous words in China , and the study on the study of polysemous words in foreign cognitive linguistics .
The second chapter , the nature and the characteristic analysis of polysemous words , is the theoretical basis of this paper , and it is the basis of the study . First , we discuss the meaning of the word meaning , and define the meaning of the word meaning as " the sum of object conditions , that is , the condition set for realizing the alleged function . " Then it defines the meaning of the polysemous word , that is , the polysemous word is the word which can be used to refer to two or more objects .
In the third chapter , the intrinsic mechanism and approach of polysemous words are analyzed . The creation of polysemous words is derived from the limitation of language form and the infinity of communication needs . It is the intrinsic mechanism of the formation of polysemous words , that is , the categorization characteristics of the alleged conditions . The cognitive category provides the basis for the creation of polysemous words .
In the fourth chapter , the semantic network model of polysemous words is discussed . The chapter is also the core of this paper . The traditional study divides the network into basic meaning and significance from the basic meaning .
Chapter 5 discusses the realization of the function of polysemous words . The function of the word is to refer to the object , meaning is manifested in the process of the alleged object . The realization of the polysemous function refers to the fact that the realization of the polysemous function is closely related to the human cognitive context .
In the sixth chapter , it is concluded that the new meaning construction of polysemous words can be realized in two ways : ( 1 ) the original reference restriction condition is independent or combined . 鈶
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