现代汉语叹词词类特征研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 08:52

本文选题：汉语 + 叹词　；参考：《浙江师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文对汉语叹词词类特征进行多角度考察。关于叹词的研究学界已有一些成果,但就现有的研究成果而言,主要存在三个方面的问题,一是对叹词词类性质和归属的认识不够一致和明确；二是对叹词功能的认识还不太全面：三是叹词与其他语法成分(如话语标记)的关系并未引起足够的重视,并缺乏科学的断定。这些问题为本文的研究留下了思考和深入探讨的空间。本文在整理和反思汉语叹词的研究成果基础上,搜集和分析了大量的有关叹词的语料,试图对叹词的上述问题进行一些探讨。全文分为以下六个部分。第一部分,引言。对现有研究中关于叹词的名称、功能及归属等问题进行了概述,并指出存在的问题。并揭示本文研究的内容与目的。第二部分,传统的划分词类的标准显然并不适用于叹词,本文从新的角度试图对汉语叹词的词类归属进行界定。并以《现代汉语词典》(第五版)中的叹词为主要考察对象,分析了叹词在语音、释义以及功能方面的特点。同时,论证了叹词是个相对开放的词类。第三部分,主要讨论了叹词与相关词类的关系和互动,比如叹词实词化和实词叹词化。其中象声词和叹词之间既有区别,不能混为一谈；同时两者又有联系,主要体现在叹词具有拟声化用法方面。第四部分,叹词和话语标记之间也存在一定的联系。现有的研究成果中有的学者将叹词视为话语标记的一种,这种观点具有片面性。通过对相关理论的思辨和大量语料的分析发现,从语篇角度来看相当一部分的叹词具有话语标记的功能,而部分话语标记(包括大于词的单位),它们的情感功能特别突出,具有类似于叹词的功能。因此,本文从核心功能的角度出发,认为这类话语标记已经变成了叹词。并以“你看你”为例进行了深入分析。第五部分,为了对汉语叹词有个更为全面系统的认识,对汉英语言中的叹词进行了对比,了解二者的相同点和不同点。相同点主要表现在语音、词形结构、句法位置以及语用功能等方面,不同点主要体现在词性标注、声调和语调以及叹词构成等方面。最后一部分是余论。指出本文研究中存在的一些不足。本文最有价值之处在于：首先,对汉语叹词词类特征的考察较为全面,具体包括语音、释义、功能等方面。而且论证了叹词是一个相对开放的词类。其次,对比了叹词和一部分话语标记语的特征,从语用学的角度得出了该部分话语标记语已经发生了感叹化的结论,这种认识不论是在叹词研究领域还是在话语标记研究领域都是一种新的观点。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the features of Chinese interjections are investigated from different angles. There have been some achievements in the research of interjections, but there are three main problems in the existing research achievements: first, the understanding of the nature and attribution of interjections is not consistent and clear; The third is that the relationship between interjections and other grammatical elements (such as discourse markers) has not been paid enough attention to and lack of scientific determination. These problems leave room for the study of this paper. On the basis of sorting out and reflecting on the research results of Chinese interjections, this paper collects and analyzes a large number of corpus of interjections, and tries to make some discussions on the above-mentioned problems of interjections. The full text is divided into the following six parts. The first part, introduction. This paper summarizes the names, functions and attribution of interjections, and points out the existing problems. It also reveals the content and purpose of this paper. In the second part, the traditional standard of classifying parts of speech is obviously not suitable for interjections. This paper tries to define the classification of Chinese interjections from a new angle. Taking the interjections in Modern Chinese Dictionary (Fifth Edition) as the main object of investigation, the characteristics of interjections in pronunciation, interpretation and function are analyzed. At the same time, it proves that interjection is a relatively open part of speech. The third part mainly discusses the relationship and interaction between interjections and related parts of speech, such as the notional interjection and notional interjection. There are some differences between onomatopoeia and interjection, which can not be confused; at the same time, they are related, mainly reflected in the use of onomatopoeia in interjections. The fourth part, interjections and discourse markers also exist a certain relationship. Some scholars regard interjections as a kind of discourse markers, which is one-sided. From the perspective of discourse, it is found that a large number of interjections have the function of discourse markers, while some discourse markers (including units larger than words) have particular affective functions. It has a function similar to an interjection. Therefore, from the point of view of core function, this paper argues that this kind of discourse marker has become an interjection. And take "you see you" as an example to carry on the thorough analysis. The fifth part, in order to have a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of Chinese interjections, the Chinese and English interjections are compared to understand their similarities and differences. The similarities are mainly in pronunciation, lexical structure, syntactic position and pragmatic functions, while the differences are mainly in the aspects of part of speech tagging, tone and intonation, and the composition of interjections. The last part is the conclusion. Some shortcomings in this paper are pointed out. The most valuable part of this paper lies in: first of all, the study of Chinese interjections features is more comprehensive, including pronunciation, interpretation, function and so on. Moreover, it proves that interjection is a relatively open part of speech. Secondly, by comparing the features of interjections and some discourse markers, the author draws the conclusion that the interjections have already taken place in pragmatics. This kind of cognition is a new viewpoint in the field of interjection and discourse markers.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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