汉语“草”隐喻和英语“Grass”隐喻的认知对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 15:41

本文选题：“草”隐喻 + “Grass”隐喻　；参考：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：隐喻的研究经历了一个漫长的过程,最早可以追溯至亚里士多德。传统语言学观点中,隐喻在很长一段时间内仅被视作一种修辞现象或词语层面的异常语言现象。20世纪70年代以来,随着现代认知语言学的兴起,人们开始跳出词语层面,摆脱以文学和修辞学为本的传统隐喻理论的束缚,试着从认知的角度重新审视隐喻的内涵。1980年Lakoff Johnson的合著《我们赖以生存的隐喻》标志看认知隐喻理论的诞生,将隐喻解读为植根于人类思维抽象概念的认知工具。自此,各个领域的学者纷纷从人类体验的基础上发掘新的角度诸如情感隐喻、肢体隐喻、动物隐喻等,对认知隐喻理论开展研究,探索人类思维通过隐喻模式将基本概念映射到其他抽象概念的工作机制。这些都为认知隐喻理论的继续发展提供了不少宝贵的经验基础和参考价值。“草”和"Grass"无处不在,是人类接触最早最多的植物。基于人类对“草”和‘'Grass"的丰富认知积累,“草”和"Grass"成为文学作品中引人注目的重要意象,产生了大量的隐喻表达。然而前人隐喻研究往往局限于几个特别典型的对象,对于“草”隐喻和"Grass"隐喻的研究无论在中文还是英文里面至今寥寥无几。因此本文重点分析《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(第七版)、《汉语大词典》、《汉语成语大辞典》、国家现代汉语语料库、北京大学中国语言学研究中心的现代汉语语料库、美国当代英语语料库、以及英语国家语料库中收录的248个相关词条(见附录),致力于以概念隐喻和映射理论为理论基础对“草”隐喻和"Grass"隐喻展开对比研究,并且分析造成其普遍性和差异性的原因。全文主体包括三个部分。第一部分,作者概述了隐喻研究的发展现状,反思了“草”隐喻和"Grass"隐喻对比的研究现状,得出选题背景。第二部分作者将概念隐喻、映射理论和隐喻的认知机制作为该研究的理论基础,为后面对比分析的开展提供强有力的理论支撑。第三部分是本研究的主体部分。通过对语料的搜集和分析,引用大量文学作品举证,作者根据生长地点,形状,作用,和生命状态四个方面对“草”隐喻和"Grass"隐喻进行分类,得出“草”隐喻和"Grass"隐喻的普遍性和差异性。作者将识别出的普遍性归因于人类共同的身体体验,从而验证了莱考夫等人关于隐喻具有体验性的观点。然而正如Lakoff Johnson所说：“每一种经验都是在一个大的文化预设背景下发生的。更正确地说,所有的经验都完完全全是文化的,我们以这样的方式体验世界,以至于我们的文化已经在经验本身中体现出来了。”(1980：58)不同的历史背景,文化传统和思维方式也同样会作用于我们的经验本身,从而造成隐喻意义的差异。本文从认知隐喻的视角对“草”隐喻和"Grass"隐喻进行了对比研究,从某种程度上支持了隐喻的认知语言学观点,并突显了“草”隐喻和"Grass"隐喻研究对跨语言和跨文化研究的重要性。以“草”和‘'Grass"为新的研究对象拓宽了以往的研究范围,丰富了植物隐喻乃至认知隐喻的研究内容,有助于我们更进一步了解文化和语言之间密不可分的关系,对语言教学,语言翻译以及跨文化交际方面均提供了可借鉴的经验。
[Abstract]:The study of metaphor has gone through a long process, which can be traced back to Aristotle. In the traditional linguistic view, metaphor is regarded as only a rhetorical phenomenon or an abnormal language phenomenon in a long period of time. Since the 70s of the.20 century, with the rise of modern cognitive linguistics, people begin to jump out of the word level. Taking off the binding of traditional metaphorical theory based on literature and rhetoric, we try to reexamine the connotation of metaphor from the perspective of cognition in terms of the connotations of Lakoff Johnson,.1980, "metaphor > which we depend on for survival", to see the birth of cognitive metaphor theory, and to interpret metaphor as a cognitive tool rooted in the concept of human thinking. On the basis of human experience, scholars have excavated new angles such as emotional metaphor, body metaphor, animal metaphor, research on cognitive metaphor theory, and exploring the work mechanism of human thinking mapping basic concepts to other abstract concepts through metaphorical patterns. These are all valuable for the continued development of cognitive metaphorical theory. The experience base and reference value. "Grass" and "Grass" are the earliest plants in human contact. Based on the rich cognitive accumulation of "grass" and "'Grass", "grass" and "Grass" have become an important and important image in literary works, producing a large amount of metaphorical expression. The study of "grass" metaphor and "Grass" metaphor is very few in Chinese and English. Therefore, this paper focuses on the analysis of the Oxford high order English Chinese double solution Dictionary (7th Edition), the Chinese dictionary, the Chinese idiom dictionary, the Chinese Modern Chinese corpus, and the Chinese linguistics study of Peking University. The central modern Chinese corpus, the American Contemporary English corpus, and the 248 related entries in the English National Corpus (see Appendix) are devoted to a comparative study of "grass" and "Grass" metaphors based on conceptual metaphor and mapping theory, and analyze the reasons for their universality and differences. It includes three parts. In the first part, the author summarizes the development of metaphor research, rethinks the research status of "grass" metaphor and "Grass" metaphor, and draws the background of the topic. The second part of the author takes the conceptual metaphor, the mapping theory and the cognitive mechanism of metaphor as the theoretical basis of this research, and provides a strong basis for the development of the following comparative analysis. The third part is the main part of this study. Through the collection and analysis of the corpus, a large number of literary works are cited, and the author classifies the "grass" metaphor and the "Grass" metaphor according to the four aspects of the place of growth, shape, function and the state of life, and obtains the universality and difference of the "grass" metaphor and the "Grass" metaphor. The authors attribute the universality to the common physical experience of human beings, which verifies that Lakoff and others have an experiential view of metaphor. However, as Lakoff Johnson says, "every experience occurs in a large cultural presupposition. More correctly, all experience is completely cultural," We experience the world in such a way that our culture has been embodied in the experience itself. "(1980:58) different historical backgrounds, cultural traditions and ways of thinking also play a role in our experience itself, resulting in the difference in metaphorical meaning. This article from the perspective of cognitive metaphor of" grass "metaphor and" Grass ". The comparative study of metaphor supports the cognitive linguistic views of metaphor to some extent, and highlights the importance of the study of "grass" and "Grass" metaphors to cross language and cross-cultural studies. "Grass" and "'Grass" broaden the scope of previous research, enriching plant metaphors and even cognitive metaphors. The research content will help us to further understand the inseparable relationship between culture and language, and provide lessons for language teaching, language translation and intercultural communication.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H15;H315

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