元曲中的汉语外来词研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 14:54

本文选题：元曲 + 外来词　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：《元曲中的汉语外来词研究》隶属于汉语外来词史的一个断代部分。外来词是来自汉语之外语言的词语，分析汉语改造、吸收异质成分的过程，可以使我们对汉语发展的内部规律有了更加清楚明了地认识。而我们当前所要做的就是要总结前人的研究成果，并努力打开外来词研究的新局面。而元代汉、蒙、女真、契丹、回回等语言相互接触相互融合，汉语言从中吸收了大量的外来词，这些在元曲中都有迹可寻。因而，研究元代外来词，依据元曲这座巨大而又丰富的宝库是一个很好的选择。研究采用语料分析和历史资料相结合的方法，在现代语言学理论的指导下，坚持历时和共时结合、微观和宏观结合、描写和解释相结合的原则。首先对我国各时期出版的外来词相关书籍、词典及各期刊杂志所发表的有关元曲外来词研究的文章、论文、著作、词条做全面的收集，然后按年代、时期、外来词与文化、词源探究、翻译方法的不同、外来词的汉化等不同侧重的研究进行分类和梳理，再按分类进行文献的阅读，对学术界已有的研究成果进行历时分析。综合运用古文字学、词汇学、语法学、语音学的知识，力求在已有的研究成果的基础上，客观、全面地对元曲中的外来词进行分析与整理，从外来词研究成果的角度看，，断代研究是本次研究的创新之处。开篇为引言，在这一部分阐述文章的选题背景、意义，研究历史及现状，以及研究的理论基础、思路方法及语料来源。正文部分的第一章是文章研究内容的范围和定义。着重对外来词进行界定，并界定元代作品中的外来词，以便明确研究的对象以及研究的范围。第二章是以语料为依托，对元代作品中出现外来词进行分类，按照来源、翻译方法、语义类别等方面进行分类。详实而又具体明了地分析整理，以便后来的分析研究。第三章分析元代外来词的特点并总结这些特点形成的原因。从源流来看，元曲中的外来词最显著的特点就是多来自于蒙古语和伴随佛教文化而来的梵语外来词。元曲外来词较为纷繁复杂，有些词难以探其语源。有些战胜了汉语本土词语，进入了基本词汇。从语音、词形上看，元曲中的外来词，多为音译词。特别是源自蒙、女真、匈奴、契丹等少数民族语的外来词，几乎都为音译词。由于元曲中的外来词中音译词较多，所以异形词也非常多。从词义上看，很多外来词自引入汉语词汇中之后，在词义上也发生了一些改变，有些不单单只表示其本身义了，也产生了一些引申之意。元曲中的外来词在词义上还有一个特点，就是产生了很多形成反映元代政治经济社会特征的外来词，这些外来词基本多是来自于蒙古语。第四章探析元代外来词对后代的影响，元曲中的外来词从产生至今，已有几百年的历史，对后世有所影响是毋庸置疑的。元曲外来词的影响主要是来自于两方面，元曲外来词对语言本身的影响以及元曲外来词对社会、文化的影响。
[Abstract]:"The study of Chinese Loanwords in Yuan Qu" is subordinate to a part of the history of Chinese loanwords. Loanwords are words from the language outside Chinese. The process of analyzing the transformation of Chinese and absorbing the heterogeneous elements can make us know more clearly and clearly the internal laws of the development of Chinese. The research achievements of the predecessors have made great efforts to open a new situation in the study of loanwords. While the languages of the Yuan Dynasty, such as Han, Meng, Zhen Zhen, Khitan, and return, are in contact with each other, and a large number of foreign words have been absorbed from the Chinese language, which can be found in the yuan songs. Therefore, the study of the Yuan Dynasty loanwords is a very large and rich treasure house of Yuan music. A good choice. The study adopts the method of combining linguistic analysis and historical data. Under the guidance of modern linguistic theory, we adhere to the principle of combination of diachronic and synchronic, micro and macro integration, and the combination of description and interpretation. First of all, the related books, dictionaries and periodicals published in various periods of our country are related to the relevant yuan music. The articles, papers, writings and words are collected in a comprehensive way, and then classified and combed according to the years, period, foreign words and culture, etymology, the different methods of translation, the Sinization of foreign words, and then the reading of the literature according to the classification. With the knowledge of ancient Chinese characters, lexicology, grammar and phonetics, we try to analyze and collate the loanwords in the yuan music objectively and comprehensively on the basis of the existing research results. From the angle of the research results of loanwords, the study of the broken generation is the innovation of this study.
The opening part is an introduction. In this part, the background, significance, research history and current situation of the article, as well as the theoretical basis, the way of thinking and the source of the corpus are expounded.
The first chapter of the text is the scope and definition of the content of the article, focusing on the definition of the loanwords, and defining the foreign words in the Yuan Dynasty, so as to clarify the object of the study and the scope of the study.
The second chapter is based on the corpus, classifies the appearance of foreign words in Yuan Dynasty's works, classifies the sources, methods of translation, and semantic category. It is detailed and concretely analyzed in order to analyze and study later.
The third chapter analyses the characteristics of the loanwords in the Yuan Dynasty and sums up the reasons for the formation of these characteristics. From the source point of view, the most significant feature of the loanwords in the Yuan Qu is from the Mongolian and the Buddhist cultures. The loanwords of the yuan music are more complex and complex, some of the words are difficult to explore its source. Some have defeated the Chinese native words. From the pronunciation and the morphology, the foreign words in the yuan music are mostly transliteration words. In particular, the foreign words from the minority languages such as Mongolia, Zhen Zhen, Hun, Khitan and so on are almost all transliteration words. Because there are more transliteration words in the foreign words in the yuan music, the foreign words are very many. In terms of word meaning, many foreign words introduce Chinese words from the Chinese words. After the remittance, some changes have also taken place in the meaning of the words, some not only express their own meaning, but also have some extended meanings. The words of foreign words in the yuan song still have a characteristic in the meaning of the words, which produces a lot of foreign words that form the political, economic and social characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty. These loanwords are mostly from Mongolian.
The fourth chapter analyses the influence of the Yuan Dynasty loanwords on the descendants. The foreign words in the yuan song have been from the generation to the present for several hundred years. The influence on the later generations is beyond doubt. The influence of the loan words on the yuan song mainly comes from two aspects, the influence of the loan words on the language itself and the influence of the foreign words on the society and the culture.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H134

【参考文献】