《齐民要术》“着”字用法考察

发布时间：2018-06-05 01:53

本文选题：《齐民要术》 + 着　；参考：《中央民族大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：关于“着”的语法化,诸多学者都将“附着”之“着”作为时体助词“着”的源头,并将时代圈定在魏晋南北朝。《齐民要术》是北魏贾思勰所著的一部农业专书,书中大量的“着”字用例为考察魏晋南北朝时期“着”的使用情况及虚化层级提供了充足有效的语料。本文穷尽性地摘取了书中232条与“着”语法化相关的“附着义”及由“附着义”引申而来的“放置义”用例,并根据句法结构的不同划分成单用动词、连动结构及连用结构(“动着”结构)三大类进行分析。本文还用同样的标准穷尽性分析了同时期《搜神记》及《世说新语》中的49条“着”字用例,在此基础上结合《齐民要术》用例的数据和分析结果便可以清晰地反映出整个魏晋南北朝中土文献“着”的使用情况。经过对数据的统计分析,本文得出了单用动词仍是该时期“着”的主要用法,占了总例的近一半。连动结构与连用结构中的“着”相比于单用动词“着”,核心意义都已削弱,区别在于连动结构的动词后有名词性成分,而连用结构的动词直接与“着”连用,构成了黏着式的“动着”结构。“动着”结构满足了“着”语法化所必备的“意义虚化”及“结构黏着”两大重要标准。此外,搜集到的语料中存在大量的“着+处所名词”结构,这种句法搭配的常态性使“着”对其后“处所名词”的指向性逐渐明确和稳定,这为“着”虚化作处所介词起到了极大的助推作用。文章还通过佛典文献与中土文献的对比得出了汉译佛典中“动着”结构“着”前动词及“着”后宾语均由佛教专用词汇向一般词汇的扩展促进了中土文献中“动着”结构组合关系的扩大化,并以此证明了汉译佛典的传入影响了“动着”结构的发展,也推动了“着”的虚化进程。关于魏晋南北朝时期“着”的虚化层级问题,本文认为此时“着”正处在“动着”结构中的附属动词向介词过渡的阶段,虚化痕迹十分明显,并且“着”前动词的语义特征是“着”分化为“到”与“在”的关键因素。但是由于“着”尚未达到“功能专用”和“语音弱化”的标准,因此还不能将“着”定性为介词。
[Abstract]:As for the grammaticalization of "zhuo", many scholars regard it as the source of the syntactic auxiliary word "Zhe" and define the times in the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties. Qimin Yao Shu is a special agricultural book written by Jia sixie of the Northern Wei Dynasty. A large number of "calligraphy" use cases in the book provide sufficient and effective data for the study of the use of "zhuo" in the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties. In this paper, 232 "attachment meanings" related to "Zhe" grammaticalization and "placement meaning" cases derived from "attachment meaning" are extracted from the book, and are divided into single-use verbs according to different syntactic structures. This paper analyzes three types of continuous motion structure and connected structure (moving structure). Using the same standard, this paper also analyzes the 49 "Zhe" characters in the same period of time "Suoshenji" and "Shi Shuo Xin Yu", and analyzes the use cases of the word "Zhe" in the same period. On this basis, combining the data and analysis results of the use case of Qimin important skill, we can clearly reflect the use of the Chinese literature "Zhe" in the whole Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties. Through the statistical analysis of the data, this paper draws the conclusion that the single verb is still the main usage of "Zhe" in this period, accounting for nearly half of the total examples. Compared with the single verb "Ze", the core meaning of the "zhe" in the contiguous structure and the conjunctive structure has been weakened. The difference lies in the fact that the verb in the contiguous structure has a noun component behind it, while the verb in the conjunctive structure is used directly with the "Zhe". It forms an adhesive "moving" structure. The "moving" structure meets the two important standards of the grammaticalization of "Zhe", namely, the "empty meaning" and the "structural adhesion". In addition, there are a large number of locale noun structures in the collected corpus, which makes the directivity of "Ze" to the "locative noun" gradually clear and stable, because of the normality of the syntactic collocation. This has played a great role in promoting "Zhe" as a local preposition. In addition, by comparing the Buddhist literature with the Chinese literature, it is concluded that the extension of the verb and the post-object from the Buddhist vocabulary to the general vocabulary in the Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures has promoted the "action" in the Chinese Buddhist literature. The expansion of structural and Combinatorial Relations, In this way, it is proved that the spread of Buddhist scriptures in Chinese translation influences the development of the structure of Zhe Zhe, and also promotes the process of fickleness of Zhe. As for the problem of "Zhe" in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, this paper thinks that the "Zhe" is in the transition stage from the auxiliary verb in the structure of "moving" to the preposition, and the vestige marks are very obvious. And the semantic feature of Zhe preverb is the key factor from Ze to Ze and Ze. However, "Zhe" has not reached the standards of "functional specificity" and "phonological weakening", so it is not possible to characterize "Ze" as a preposition.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H141

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