现代汉语虚义动词非范畴化现象与表现形式

发布时间：2018-06-05 06:03

本文选题：虚义动词 + 非范畴化　；参考：《长沙理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文试以虚化的动词为例来展现“虚化”的魅力和特征。同时，虚义动词是汉语中的一种语言现象，在日常用语中几乎随处可见。虚义动词本身词义被削弱或几乎消失，基本上只起句法或修辞作用。从广义上来讲，凡是词义虚化的动词都称之为虚义动词，狭义上的虚义动词指的是能或只能跟另一动词构成动宾结构的动词。语义主要由后续动词承担。本文探讨的是狭义的虚义动词，其后接动词构成动宾短语，而语义主要由后续动词承担，如“进行”，“从事”，“加以”等。本文运用了历时和共时相结合的分析方法，并在收集和分析大量的语料的前提上，首先回顾了虚义动词和非范畴化的国内外研究动态，探讨了范畴理论的产生，范畴化与非范畴化的关系，非范畴化的特征和意义。接着，简要回顾了虚义动词的相关理论，包括其称谓，概念和范围，确定了虚义动词范围的标准。在此基础上，笔者介绍了现代汉语中虚义动词非范畴化现象，即动词向名词、副词和介词功能的转移，并以“进行”，“从事”，“做”和“作”，“加以”和“给予”为例，对虚义动词进行历时考察和用法分析。在句法和语篇的制约下，动词的功能可能产生弱化，增益或者转移。最后，笔者陈述了虚义动词非范畴化的表现形式。作者发现，虚义动词非范畴化主要表现在动词丧失了动词属性，而向副词，名词和介词功能转移。动词的语义较弱，而真正表示动作的是后续动词。并且在现代汉语中，虚义动词具有多样性，多功能性的特征。这两个特性主要是体现在语用层面，语义层面，和句法层面上。在语用层面上，动词功能发生了扩展和范畴转移，在语义上则发生了语义丧失，转指和抽象泛化，在句法层面上，动词与后续动词构成谓语，或者充当定语，而其定语功能呈现了弱化趋势。从理论的角度,本文是基于认知语法中的非范畴化理论来描述虚义动词在现代汉语中的特点和用法，进而探讨了虚义动词非范畴化产生的原因、机制和其约束条件。因此，，本文的研究内容对现代汉语动词的研究是一个有益的补充。它使我们能够验证虚义动词研究能够应用现代汉语语法的可能性。从而进一步完善虚义动词理论。
[Abstract]:This paper tries to show the charm and characteristics of "nihilization" by taking the fictitious verb as an example. At the same time, fictitious verbs are a linguistic phenomenon in Chinese, which can be seen almost everywhere in daily language. The nominal verb itself is weakened or almost disappeared, basically serving only syntactic or rhetorical functions. In a broad sense, all verbs with empty meanings are called fictitious verbs. In a narrow sense, fictitious verbs refer to verbs that can or can only be followed by another verb to form a verb-object structure. The semantics are mainly assumed by the following verbs. This paper discusses the narrow meaning verb followed by the verb to form verb-object phrases, and the semantics are mainly borne by the subsequent verbs, such as "carry on", "do", "to" and so on. This paper applies the method of diachronic and synchronic analysis, and on the premise of collecting and analyzing a large amount of corpus, reviews the research trends of virtual verbs and non-categorization at home and abroad, and probes into the emergence of category theory. The relationship between categorization and non-categorization, the characteristics and significance of non-categorization. Then, the author briefly reviews the relevant theories of notional verbs, including their appellations, concepts and scope, and determines the criteria of the scope of fictional verbs. On this basis, the author introduces the phenomenon of the decategorization of virtual verbs in modern Chinese, that is, the transfer of verbs to nouns, adverbs and prepositions, and takes "carrying on", "doing", "doing" and "doing", "giving" and "giving" as examples. This paper makes a diachronic investigation and analysis of the usage of the fictional verbs. Under the restriction of syntax and discourse, the function of verbs may be weakened, added or transferred. Finally, the author states the manifestation of the non-categorization of fictitious verbs. The author finds that the decategorization of virtual verbs is mainly manifested in the loss of verb attributes and the transfer to adverbs nouns and prepositions. The semantic meaning of verbs is weak, but the real meaning of action is the follow-up verb. And in modern Chinese, virtual verbs have the characteristics of diversity and versatility. These two characteristics are mainly embodied in pragmatic level, semantic level, and syntactic level. On the pragmatic level, the verb function has been expanded and the category transferred, and the semantic meaning has been lost, transferred and abstract generalized. At the syntactic level, the verb and the follow-up verb constitute the predicate, or act as attributive. However, its attributive function shows a tendency of weakening. From a theoretical point of view, this paper describes the characteristics and usage of virtual verbs in modern Chinese based on the theory of non-categorization in cognitive grammar, and then probes into the causes, mechanisms and constraints of the non-categorization of virtual verbs. Therefore, the content of this study is a useful supplement to the study of modern Chinese verbs. It enables us to verify the possibility of applying modern Chinese grammar to the study of virtual verbs. In order to further improve the theory of virtual verbs.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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