论汉语使役形式向被动形式的转化

发布时间：2018-06-05 14:30

本文选题：被动形式 + 使役形式　；参考：《厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012年01期

【摘要】：现代汉语存在被动形式和使役形式使用一个语法标记的现象。通过对两者的完整形式"(S1)+P+S2+VP+(N)"结构发展过程的探讨,能够了解到这种结构可以表示使役和被动用法的原因。使役形式向被动形式的转化有三种途径,分别与致使义、忍让义、受事主语句有关。其中,致使义的产生是非常关键的,在明清时期产生了大量同时兼有致使义和被动义的用法,说明致使义是使役义向被动义转化的主要中转站。但致使义并不是必然会向被动义转化,唐宋时期"教"、"使"就有了大量的致使义,但是兼有被动义的用法却很少。明清时期才大量出现兼有两种含义,并且南北方使用上有明显的倾向性的不同,说明致使义产生被动义受地域的影响也是存在的,确实是受到元代蒙古语以及清代满语这两种阿尔泰语系语言的影响。
[Abstract]:There is a phenomenon that passive form and causative form use a grammatical marker in modern Chinese. Through the discussion of the development process of the complete form of "S _ 1) P S _ 2 VP / N), it can be understood that the structure can express the reasons of causation and passive usage. There are three ways to transform causative form into passive form. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were a large number of usages of both causative and passive meaning, which showed that causative meaning was the main transit station for the transformation from causative meaning to passive meaning. However, causative meaning does not necessarily change to passive meaning. In Tang and Song dynasties, there were a large number of causative meanings, but the use of both passive meanings was rare. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were two meanings in large numbers, and there were obvious tendency differences in the use of the north and south, which indicated that there was also a regional influence on the passive meaning of the meaning. It was influenced by the Mongolian and Manchu languages of the Yuan Dynasty and the Manchu language of the Qing Dynasty.
【作者单位】：厦门大学人文学院;厦门大学海外教育学院;
【基金】：2010年中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“汉语被动形式的演变及动因”(2010221065)
【分类号】：H146

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