汉语日常会话中的话轮更迭式修正结构之语用学研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 17:54

本文选题：会话分析 + 汉语日常会话　；参考：《鲁东大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：会话修正研究作为会话分析研究的一个重要研究领域，最早是由社会学家Schgloff等人1977年提出的，上世纪八十年代以来引起众多国内外学者的广泛关注并取得了一定的理论实践成果。然而，综观国内外学者对会话修结构正的研究不难发现，先前的研究主要是以英语会话作为研究对象，对汉语研究较少，即使有也多集中在对某特定场合的汉语会话的研究上，对汉语日常会话的研究屈指可数。同时，国内外对修正结构的研究仅局限于其元语用功能，并未涉及到具有特殊语用功能的修正现象研究。通过对汉语日常会话的持续观察和初步分析，作者发现除了通过消除会话中产生的各种麻烦使会话得以顺利进行这一功能外，修正结构还常被用来满足会话参与者的某种主观动机，尤其常被会话参与者用来作为话轮更迭策略（本文称为话轮更迭式修正结构）。因此，本文以此为切入点对汉语日常会话中的修正结构的这一特殊语用功能展开深入研究。在语料的收集方面，作者尝试自建汉语日常回话小型语料库。在经他人允许的情况下，作者亲自录制了长达15小时的汉语日常会话，内容涉及宿舍、餐厅、家庭聚会等不同场景，经转写得到共计300个样本语料。在编辑过程中，作者对录音材料中涉及个人隐私的内容进行处理，切实保护会话参与人的匿名权和材料的使用限制。在具体研究过程中，本文以Schegloff, JeffesonSacks等人的修正理论为基础，根据刘森林关于话轮更迭策略的分类，将话轮更迭式修正结构分为：夺取话轮为目的的修正、保住话轮为目的的修正、让出话轮为目的的修正以修复冷场为目的的修正四类。在此基础上，作者对语料库中的300个样本语料进行了定性定量分析，并有以下发现：首先，通过对四类话轮更迭式修正结构的统计分析，发现汉语日常会话的随意性及礼貌原则，让出话轮式修正结构在四种话轮更迭式修正结构中所占比重最大，而修正冷场的修正结构所占比重最小。其次，针对SJS提出的自我修正偏好问题本文进行了分析论证，结果显示在汉语日常会话中，话轮更迭式略修正结构中有大量的自我启动机会，但在完成过程中更倾向于他人纠正，，这取决于谁更倾向于控制话轮。再次，通过对话轮更迭式修正的失误源、引导及修正策略进行实例分析，作者发现词汇搜索困难是话轮更迭式修正现象中最主要的失误源，且在让出话轮为目的的修正现象中，这一特点尤为突出；对于修正由谁引导则主要是由会话参与者控制话轮的动机决定的，有控制话轮欲望的参与者更容易成为修正现象的引导者，且根据不同的动机其采取的启动策略各有特点;然而，修正策略的采用由于策略的分散性及会话参与者个人的习惯，各种策略所占比列并没有明显的差距。最后，在以上研究分析的基础上，作者推演出了汉语日常会话中话轮更迭式修正结构的基本修正模式，初步揭示了这一基本模式在汉语日常会话中的运行机制。
[Abstract]:As an important research field in the research of conversation analysis , the research on the revised structure of the conversation is first put forward by sociologists Schgloff et al . in 1977 .

In the collection of corpus , the author attempts to build a small corpus of Chinese daily conversation . In the case of permission of others , the author personally recorded a 15 - hour Chinese daily conversation , which involved dormitory , dining room , family gathering and other different scenes , and through transfer to obtain a total of 300 sample languages . During the editing process , the author handled the content of personal privacy in the recording material , and effectively protected the anonymity of the session participants and the use of material .

In this paper , based on Schegloff and JeffesonSacks ' correction theory , this paper is divided into three categories : the correction of the goal of taking the word wheel , the modification of the preserving phrase wheel , the modification of the goal and the correction of the purpose of the cold field . On this basis , the author makes qualitative and quantitative analysis on 300 samples in corpus , and finds out that :

First , through the statistical analysis of the modified structure of four types of words , it is found that the randomness and the politeness principle of the Chinese daily conversation are the largest , and the proportion of the modified structure of the modified cold field is the smallest .

Secondly , this paper analyzes the self - correction preference problem proposed by SJS . The results show that in the daily conversation of Chinese , there is a lot of self - starting opportunities in the changing structure of the word wheel , but it tends to be corrected by others in the course of completion , which depends on who prefers to control the speech wheel .

Thirdly , through the example analysis of the error source , guide and correction strategy of the alternation type correction of the dialogue wheel , the author finds that the difficulty of lexical search is the most important error source in the change of the word - wheel change type , and this feature is especially prominent in the correction phenomenon for the purpose of giving out the word - wheel .
however , that adoption of the correction strategy has no obvious difference than the column of the strategy and the personal habits of the conversation participants .

Finally , on the basis of the above research and analysis , the author deduces the basic correction model of the changing structure of the conversational wheel in Chinese daily conversation , and preliminarily reveals the operation mechanism of this basic mode in Chinese daily conversation .
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136

【参考文献】