《诗经》动词语法研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 09:43

本文选题：诗经 + 动词　；参考：《大连理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：《诗经》是我国第一部诗歌总集,她不仅涵纳着中华文化初始之期的符号密码,同时也承载着先民的原始冲动与情感表达。做先秦时期专书的语法学研究,构建上古汉语史,《诗经》是不可或缺的资料,也是语料中无法回避的一环。动词是语言研究中的重点,在众多词类中处于核心地位。本文即从语法分析的角度对《诗经》中的动词进行穷尽的、定量的、定性的研究。首先通过对《诗经》中动词进行量化统计,得出各类动词在全书中所占的比例,而后从词法和句法两个方面进行详尽的描写。词法包括词的分类和构词法两个方面,依据《诗经》具体语言面貌,可将其动词分为趋向动词、存现动词、判断动词、能愿动词、心理动词、像似动词、使令动词、行为动词8类,将复音动词分为单纯词和合成词两类,其中单纯词均为连绵词,分为双声连绵词、叠韵连绵词和双声叠韵连绵词3类,合成词分为联合型、动宾型、偏正型和补充型4类。句法包括动词和其他成分间的关系以及动词作句子成分情况两个方面,第一方面主要以前面8个义类的具体语法功能描写为基础,总结出《诗经》句式特点,分为动词谓语句、单宾结构句、双宾结构句、连动句、并列句、兼语句6种句式；第二方面主要从纵向上探讨动词在句中所作的成分,分为作谓语、作定语、作状语、作主、宾语5个方面。通过对词法和句法的描写,得出《诗经》动词的三个主要特点：其一,动词的主要构成为单音动词,复音动词主要为连绵词。其二,动词的句法功能已经十分完善,双宾结构是主流。其三,叠字动词和并列结构是《诗经》诗话语言的主要特点。
[Abstract]:The Book of songs is the first collection of poems in China. It not only contains the symbol code of the initial period of Chinese culture, but also bears the original impulse and emotional expression of the ancestors. The Book of songs is not only an indispensable material but also an unavoidable link in the corpus. Verbs are the focus of language research and play a central role in many parts of speech. This paper studies the verbs in the Book of songs from the perspective of grammatical analysis. First of all, by quantifying the verbs in the Book of songs, the proportion of the verbs in the book is obtained. Then it is described in detail in terms of lexical and syntactic aspects. Lexicology includes word classification and word-formation. According to the specific linguistic features of the Book of songs, the verbs can be divided into directional verbs, existing verbs, judging verbs and willing verbs. The psychological verbs, like verbs, are classified into 8 categories. The polyphonic verbs are divided into two categories: simple words and compound words, in which simple words are all continuous words, which are divided into three categories: double-tone continuous words, repeated rhyme continuous words and double-tone repeated rhyme continuous words. Compound words can be divided into four types: associative type, verb-object type, positive type and supplementary type. Syntax includes the relationship between verbs and other elements and the situation of verb as sentence components. On the one hand, based on the description of the specific grammatical functions of the preceding eight semantic categories, the author summarizes the characteristics of the sentence patterns in the Book of songs, which are divided into verb predicate sentence, single object structure sentence, double object structure sentence, continuous verb sentence, compound sentence and six sentence types. The second part mainly discusses the components of verbs in the sentence from the longitudinal perspective, which are divided into five aspects: as predicate, attribute, adverbial, subject and object. Through the description of lexical and syntactic, the second part is divided into five parts: one is as predicate, the other is attributive, as adverbial, as subject, and as object. Three main features of the verbs in the Book of songs are obtained: first, the verbs are mainly composed of monosyllabic verbs and polyphonic verbs are mainly continuous words. Second, the syntactic function of verbs is perfect, and the double object structure is the mainstream. Thirdly, reduplicated verbs and parallel structures are the main features of poetic language in the Book of songs.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H141

【参考文献】