现代汉语框式介词研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 11:09

本文选题：框式介词 + 前置词　；参考：《南京师范大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：框式介词是汉语的一种重要语言类型特征,由于学界重视前置词,忽略后置词的传统,框式介词受到的关注较少。本文在语言类型学的视野下,在大规模语料调查统计的基础上,综合运用认知语法、功能类型学、语法化和词汇化等理论和方法,全面系统地研究了现代汉语框式介词的句法、语义功能和框式介词前后项的隐现规律,从历时的角度考察了现代汉语后置词以及框式介词的来源,并依据汉语的特征类型以及功能类型学的共性原则,对框式介词的句法语义属性以及成因做了分析和解释。第一章是对框式介词的界定。依据粘着后附以及介词性特征,从严界定后置词,进而将框式介词与虚词框架区分开来。在此基础上,总结归纳了汉语后置词以及框式介词系统。第二章考察框式介词的句法和语义功能。对框式介词的句法分布、句法范域、语义标记功能、语义抽象度和冗余度,进行了较为详细地分析。框式介词的句法范域可以用语义冗余度来解释,部分冗余的框式介词,前后置词谁冗余,谁就处于外层；完全冗余的框式介词则分不清具体的句法范域来,所以可以视作双核心的结构。第三章考察框式介词前后项的隐现规律和制约因素。框式介词在不同句法位置更多地表现出一种倾向性,在某个具体位置,某个框式介词可能表现出强制性的需要,这可能受到句法、语义、语用、语体或韵律等因素的制约。第四章从历时的角度调查了框式介词的来源。魏晋南北朝时期是框式介词产生的一个重要阶段,大致到明清所有框式介词的类型基本完备。多数框式介词是通过后置词的语法化和词汇化而来的,但排除类和部分比况类框式介词的来源比较特殊,它们是句法糅合和类推的结果。后置词语法化或词汇化的主要动因是背景化和联系项原则的驱动,演变中还涉及语法功能的衰退和调整,语义、语用和韵律因素也在起作用。第五章从类型学的角度解释框式介词句法语义特点以及成因。现代汉语是具有近动型前置词以及认知型语序特征的SVO语言,从两汉开始,汉语不断向认知型语序表达策略调整,框式介词主要是联系项原则、认知型语序表达策略共同作用的结果。它在句法和语义方面的特点可以用经济原则、标记度等级、重度-标记对应律和距离-标记对应律等语言共性原则来解释。
[Abstract]:Frame preposition is one of the most important language types in Chinese. Because scholars attach importance to preposition and ignore the tradition of postposition, the attention of frame preposition is less. From the perspective of linguistic typology and on the basis of large-scale corpus investigation and statistics, this paper makes a comprehensive and systematic study of the syntax of frame prepositions in modern Chinese, using the theories and methods of cognitive grammar, functional typology, grammaticalization and lexicalization. The semantic function and the hidden rules of the items before and after the frame preposition are investigated from a diachronic point of view, and the source of the postposition and the frame preposition in modern Chinese is investigated. The characteristics of Chinese and the general principles of functional typology are also discussed. This paper analyzes and explains the syntactic and semantic properties and causes of frame prepositions. According to the characteristics of attachment and preposition, the postposition is strictly defined, and then the frame of frame preposition and function word is distinguished. On this basis, the author summarizes the Chinese postposition and the frame preposition system. Chapter two examines the syntax and semantic functions of the box preposition. The syntactic distribution, syntactic domain, semantic marker function, semantic abstraction and redundancy of frame prepositions are analyzed in detail. The syntactic domain of a frame preposition can be explained by semantic redundancy. The partially redundant frame preposition, who is redundant before and after the preposition, is in the outer layer, while the completely redundant preposition can not distinguish the specific syntactic domain. So it can be regarded as a two-core structure. Chapter three examines the occult rules and restrictive factors of the items before and after the frame prepositions. Box prepositions are more likely to show a tendency in different syntactic positions. In a specific position, a box preposition may show a mandatory need, which may be subject to syntax, semantics, pragmatics, etc. Chapter four investigates the origin of frame prepositions from a diachronic point of view. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties was an important stage in the generation of frame prepositions, and almost all the types of box prepositions were complete in Ming and Qing dynasties. Most of the box prepositions come from the grammaticalization and lexicalization of postposition words, but the sources of excluded and partial case prepositions are quite special, which are the result of syntactic blending and analogy. The main motivation of postpositional nominalization or lexicalization is driven by the principles of contextualization and connection.Evolvement also involves the decline and adjustment of grammatical functions and semantics. Pragmatics and prosodic factors also play a role. Chapter five explains the syntactic and semantic characteristics and causes of box prepositions from the perspective of typology. Modern Chinese is an SVO language with the characteristics of near-motion preposition and cognitive word order. Since the Han Dynasty, the Chinese language has been constantly adjusting to the cognitive word order expression strategy, and the frame preposition is mainly the principle of connection item. The result of the interaction of cognitive word order expression strategies. Its syntactic and semantic characteristics can be explained by the common principles of economic principle, marker-grade, heavy-mark correspondence law and distance-marker correspondence law.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【引证文献】