儿童语言中的动词与目标语言的比较

发布时间：2018-06-13 10:58

本文选题：儿童语言 + 目标语言　；参考：《安徽师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文在前人研究成果的基础上，详细比较了5岁前汉语儿童语言中动词的语义类型、语法功能、重叠形式和动词性结构的语义构成同目标语之间的异同，归纳总结了汉语儿童在动词用法上的特点，并从认知和语用等方面着眼对这些特点进行了适当的解释。比较结果显示，5岁前汉语儿童已掌握了目标语言中绝大多数的动词类型，只有形式动词尚未习得，但各类动词的数量与目标语言有很大的差距。儿童习得的动词以单音节为主，双音节动词发展缓慢，这与目标语言双音节动词占优势的情况明显不同。比较发现，儿童语言中各类动词的组合能力和造句功能的发展具有不平衡性，其中动作动词的语法功能相对来说更接近目标语言。儿童已基本习得各类动词性结构，但各句法成分的词汇要比目标语言少得多。就动词的重叠来看，，儿童语言中可重叠的动词数量较少，性质都是可控的自主动词，动词重叠后所表达的语法意义与目标语言一致，但表达形式上要比目标语言简单，重叠式的语法功能与目标语言有较大的差距。就动词性结构的语义构成来看，儿童语言述宾结构中体词宾语的语义成分已经很丰富，但使事、时间和原因三种语义成分未出现。述补结构中补语的语义类型已基本齐备，但补语的语义指向还没有目标语那么复杂。状中结构中状语语义角色已出现很多，尤其是副词状语的语义角色发展较快。文章认为，儿童语言中动词的发展之所以形成以上特点，是与儿童认知的发展水平和语言成分的理解难度密切相关的，同时也受到语言输入频率和儿童交际需求的影响。
[Abstract]:On the basis of previous studies, this paper compares in detail the similarities and differences between the semantic types, grammatical functions, overlapping forms and semantic structures of verbs and the target language in Chinese children's language before the age of five. This paper summarizes the characteristics of Chinese children in verb usage, and explains these characteristics from cognitive and pragmatic aspects. The results show that Chinese children have mastered the majority of verb types in the target language before the age of 5, only the formal verbs have not been learned, but the number of verbs is far from that of the target language. The development of disyllabic verbs in children's learning is mainly monosyllabic, which is obviously different from the dominance of disyllabic verbs in target language. It is found that the development of combinatorial ability and sentence making function of all kinds of verbs in children's language is unbalanced, and the grammatical function of action verbs is closer to the target language. Children have basically acquired all kinds of verb structures, but the vocabulary of each syntactic component is much less than that of the target language. In terms of verb reduplication, the number of reduplicated verbs in children's language is relatively small, and the nature of verbs are controllable autonomous verbs. The grammatical meaning of verb reduplication is the same as that of target language, but the form of expression is simpler than that of target language. There is a big gap between the grammatical function of reduplication and the target language. As far as the semantic composition of verb structure is concerned, the semantic components of body word object in children's predicate object structure are very rich, but the three semantic elements, event, time and reason, do not appear. The semantic types of the complement in the predicate complement structure are basically complete, but the semantic direction of the complement is not as complicated as the target language. There are many semantic roles in adverbial structures, especially adverbial adverbials develop rapidly. The author holds that the development of verbs in children's language is closely related to the development level of children's cognition and the difficulty of understanding language components, and is also influenced by the frequency of language input and the communication needs of children.
【学位授予单位】：安徽师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H193.1

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