“挨”字句的多角度考察

发布时间：2018-06-15 16:19

本文选题：“挨” + “挨”字句　；参考：《广西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：以往关于“挨”字句的研究并不多,而且对该句型的生成机制也存在着分歧,对于“挨”字句的句型格式研究也不够全面,对“挨”字句成分的语义特征也没有进行深入分析。本文在参考前人的研究成果的基础上,从形式和意义两方面,历时地全面考察“挨”字句的生成机制,共时地多角度考察“挨”字句的语法语义特点。全文主体共分四部分。第一部分,被动语义词“挨”。通过对“挨”字的历时考察,我们发现“挨”字句的形成很大程度上取决于“挨”字的语义演变,除此之外,还有“挨”字句的论元转变。“挨”字句从产生起就奠定了其自有的特色,即语体色彩口语化和语义色彩遭受性。第二部分,“挨”字句的格式探析。通过对“挨”字句的详细考察,我们总结了“挨”字句的各类格式,共有四种,分别是A挨(B)C式、带助词“了、着、过”式、带补语式和复用式。其中A挨(B)C式是基本格式,带助词式中“了”、“过”偏多,“着”最少；带补语式中存在结果、趋向、程度、数量、时地、可能等六类补语；复用式包括“挨”的重叠式和“挨”与其他遭受类动词的复合式两种。在归纳描写中,我们从语义上给A定义为“受影响者”,具有[+生命性]：B定义为“被认定的责任者”,具有[+生命性]；C定义为“影响方式”。从“挨”字句的各类格式中,我们可以确定“挨”字的词性,即具有自身特点的动词。第三部分,C的语义特征。通过对C成分的分析,我们发现进入“挨”字句的限制条件。C成分只能由三类词充当,即动词、名词、形容词。动词群的语义配价特征[+一价/二价性],语义情状特征[+动作性]、[十结果性],语义色彩特征[+损害性]；名词群的语义配价特征[+二价性],语义情状特征[+影响性],语义色彩特征[+损害性]；形容词群的语义配价特征[+一价性],语义情状特征[+致使性],语义色彩特征[+损害性]。它们的语义特征制约着“挨”字句的动元数量,其中工具和影响两个动元至少要有一个出现在句子中,否则句子不成立。第四部分,“挨”字句与其他遭受句及“被”字句的异同。通过与其他遭受句的对比,我们发现“挨”字句与其他遭受句一样具有被动义,然而它们仍各具特色。最大的区别在于语用上。“挨”字句只能表示被动遭受义,“受影响者”表现出地位低微的交际心理,而“受”等其他遭受句用法广泛。同时,我们还探讨了“挨”字句与“被”字句的异同,总结了两者能相互转换的条件,希望能为对外汉语教学提供一些参考。本文的创新之处主要有：(1)首次较全面地考察了“挨”字的演变过程,分析了“挨”字句的生成机制；(2)首次较系统地描写了“挨”字句的格式和句子成分的语义特征；(3)专门研究C成分的语义配价特征、语义情状特征和语义色彩特征,为能进入“挨”字句的成分提供了限制条件。
[Abstract]:In the past, there are not many researches on the sentence form of "Yan", and there are also differences on the generating mechanism of the sentence pattern. The research on the pattern format of the sentence is not comprehensive enough, and the semantic characteristics of the sentence component of the sentence are not analyzed in depth. On the basis of referring to the previous research results, this paper investigates the generative mechanism of "Yan" sentences in diachronic terms from two aspects of form and meaning, and studies the grammatical and semantic characteristics of "Yan" sentences from a synchronic and multi-angle perspective. The main body of the paper is divided into four parts. The first part, passive semantic word "Yi". Through the diachronic investigation of the word "Yan", we find that the formation of the sentence depends to a great extent on the semantic evolution of the word "Yan", in addition to the argument transformation of the word "Yan". The sentence "Yan" has established its own characteristics since it came into being, that is, colloquial coloring in language style and subjection of semantic color. The second part is the analysis of the format of the sentence "Yan". Through the detailed investigation of "Yan" sentence, we summarize the various forms of "Yan" sentence. There are four types of sentence, namely "A", "with auxiliary word", "go", "with complement" and "reuse". Among them, "A" is the basic form, "too much" and "too much" are the least, and there are six kinds of complements, such as result, tendency, degree, quantity, time and place, and so on. Multiplexing consists of two types of reduplication and combination with other suffering verbs. In the inductive description, we define A as the "affected person" semantically, with [life]: B as the "recognized responsible person", and with [life] C as the "mode of influence". From the various forms of the sentence, we can determine the part of speech of the word "Yan", that is, the verb with its own characteristics. The third part is the semantic features of C. Through the analysis of C component, we find that the restriction condition. C component of entering the sentence "be" can only be served by three kinds of words, namely verb, noun, adjective. The semantic valence feature of verb group [univalent / bivalent], semantic situation feature [action], [ten result], semantic color feature [injurious]; The semantic valence feature [bivalent], the semantic situation feature [influence], the semantic color feature [damage] of the group of nouns, the semantic valence feature of the adjective group [univalent], the feature of semantic situation [causality], the characteristic of semantic color [damage]. Their semantic characteristics restrict the number of verb elements in sentences, in which at least one of the tools and influence elements must appear in the sentence, otherwise the sentence will not hold true. The fourth part, the similarities and differences between the sentence "Yi" and other suffering sentences and "Bei" sentences. By contrasting with other suffering sentences, we find that "Yi" sentences have the same passive meaning as other suffering sentences, but they still have their own characteristics. The biggest difference lies in pragmatics. "Yi" can only mean passive suffering, "affected person" shows low status of communicative psychology, while "receive" and other suffering sentences are widely used. At the same time, we also discuss the similarities and differences between "Yan" and "Bei" sentences, summarize the conditions under which they can be converted, and hope to provide some references for teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The main innovations of this paper are: (1) the evolution process of the word "Yan" is investigated comprehensively for the first time, and the formation mechanism of the word "Yan" is analyzed. (2) for the first time, the format and semantic features of the sentence are systematically described. 3) the semantic valence characteristics, semantic situation features and semantic color features of C component are specially studied, which provides a restriction condition for the components that can enter the sentence "Yan".
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】