“怎么X怎么Y”构式研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 23:36

本文选题：“怎么X怎么Y”构式 + 语义特征　；参考：《南京师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代汉语中,“怎么X怎么Y”是一个由两个相同的疑问代词表示非疑问用法的半能产紧缩构式,一般用在口语中用以回答询问或表明态度。本文运用构式语法并结合认知语言学相关理论对该构式进行分析。根据“怎么,”虚指和任指的不同,对该构式进行分类并概括其构式义：A类“怎么(虚指)X怎么Y”表示“X是Y的唯一条件义”,内部还分有B类表“X是Y的唯一目的义”,C类“怎么(任指)X怎么Y”表“Y是X的唯一结果义”,且每一类都突出强调说话人的主观认定义。在分类的基础上考察每一类的组成成分X、Y的语义特征及X和Y的语义关系：A类表“条件——行为”,B类表“目的——行为”,C类表“行为——结果”。该构式中关联词语的隐现,主要是受语义的顺逆关系和关联标记自身的关联能力的影响。从语用角度看,该构式的形成动因主要是语言的经济性原则。两类构式分别表示两种主观量,A、B类表无界倚变量,C类表周遍性全量。两类构式的信息结构特征也不相同,A、B类信息结构为“新信息——旧信息”,C类为“旧信息——新信息”。从认知角度看,该构式主要通过概念整合机制而生成,其中转喻发挥了重要作用。各小类构式的概念整合层级性有高低之分,A类的整合度低于B类和C类。A、B、C三小类构式之间存在承继关系：A类构式义是该构式的中心意义,B类构式由于准入的X不同,在中心意义的基础上通过多义联接扩展而来,C类构式在B类的基础上通过改变X和Y准入的先后顺序扩展而来,也属多义联接。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, "how X how Y" is a semi-productive constrictive construction in which two identical interrogative pronouns are used to express the non-interrogative usage, which is generally used in oral English to answer questions or express attitudes. In this paper, the construction grammar and cognitive linguistics theory are used to analyze the construction. According to the difference between "how," virtual reference and any reference, this construction is classified and generalized in its construction meaning: "how (virtual finger X how Y" means "X is the only conditional meaning of Y"), There is also a category B table "X is the sole purpose of Y" C "(" Y "is the only result meaning of X" Y "), and each category emphasizes the subjective meaning of the speaker. On the basis of classification, the semantic characteristics of each component XY and the semantic relationship between X and Y are investigated. The concealment of the associative words in the construction is mainly influenced by the relationship between semantic sequence and inverse and the relevance ability of the association marker itself. From the pragmatic point of view, the formation of the construction is mainly driven by the economic principle of language. The two types of constructions represent two kinds of subjective variables respectively. The information structure features of the two types are also different. The information structure of class B is "new information-old information" and category C is "old information-new information". From the cognitive point of view, the construction is mainly generated by conceptual integration, in which metonymy plays an important role. The degree of integration of class A is lower than that of class B and class C. there is an inheritance relationship between class A and class C, and the meaning of class A is the central meaning of the construction, and the meaning of class B is different because of the difference of admittance. On the basis of the central meaning, the C class construction is extended by polysemous connection. On the basis of B class, the C class construction is extended by changing the sequence of X and Y admission, and it is also a polysemy join.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】