蒙古语“格”与汉语介词的比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 06:28

本文选题：蒙古语 + “向位格”　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉语和蒙古语的语系不同，语法结构也不同。蒙古语属于阿尔泰语系，在蒙古语中存在大量的黏着语，而汉语属于汉藏语系，汉字本身就具有语义和语音两种功能。这就导致蒙汉两种语言的句子构成上存在很大的区别，汉语主要是由动词、名词、副词等词类组成的语法结构，而蒙古语主要是由“格”组成语法结构。蒙古语的语序结构是：定语——主语——状语——宾语——谓语，而汉语的语序结构是：主语——状语——谓语——定语——宾语。可见，两者的差别极大。汉语中的介词能够在蒙古语里用“格”表示，但是蒙古语中的“格”却与现代汉语的介词存在很多不同之处。因此，蒙古留学生在学习汉语时很难运用介词；同样，中国学生学习蒙古语“格”时也很难对其全面掌握。笔者作为一名蒙古留学生，在学习汉语的初级阶段，常出现汉语介词的使用偏误，因此，笔者从留学生的角度出发，给出了蒙古留学生正确掌握现代汉语介词的教学对策与建议，并以蒙古语的“格”在汉语中的表达作为研究主题，，分析了蒙古语中“格”与现代汉语介词存在的异同点，拟对学习汉语的蒙古学生和学习蒙语的中国学生提供有效的学习技巧。本文基于对蒙古语的“格”以及汉语介词的语义、语法特征的研究，对蒙古语的“格”与汉语介词进行了对比，并且以蒙古语中的“向位格”与汉语中的介词“在”和“给”为具体例子，进行了详细的比较分析，总结出了蒙古语“格”与汉语介词的异同之处，在此基础之上，从自身学习汉语介词的经验的角度出发，提出了蒙古留学生学习汉语介词的教学方法与建议。
[Abstract]:Chinese and Mongolian have different language families and different grammatical structures. Mongolian belongs to the Altaic language family, and there are a large number of adherent languages in Mongolian, while Chinese belongs to Chinese and Tibetan languages, and Chinese characters have semantic and phonetic functions. As a result, there is a great difference in sentence composition between Mongolian and Chinese languages. Chinese mainly consists of verbs, nouns, adverbs and other parts of speech, while Mongolian mainly consists of "case" grammatical structure. The word order structure of Mongolian is attribute-subject-adverbial-object-predicate, while the word order structure of Chinese is: subject-adverbial-predicate-attribute-object. It can be seen that the two are very different. The prepositions in Chinese can be expressed as "cases" in Mongolian, but there are many differences between the prepositions in Mongolian and modern Chinese. Therefore, it is difficult for Mongolian students to use prepositions in learning Chinese, and it is also difficult for Chinese students to master them. As a Mongolian student, in the initial stage of learning Chinese, there are often errors in the use of Chinese prepositions. Therefore, from the perspective of foreign students, the author starts from the perspective of foreign students. This paper puts forward the teaching countermeasures and suggestions for Mongolian students to master the prepositions in modern Chinese correctly, and analyzes the similarities and differences between the "case" in Mongolian and the prepositions in modern Chinese, taking the expression of "case" in Mongolian as the research topic. To provide effective learning skills for Mongolian students learning Chinese and Chinese students learning Mongolian language. Based on the study of the case of Mongolian and the semantic and grammatical features of Chinese prepositions, this paper makes a comparison between the case of Mongolian and Chinese prepositions. And taking the specific examples of the Mongolian and Chinese prepositions "Zaihe" and "Zengzi", this paper makes a detailed comparative analysis, summarizes the similarities and differences between the Mongolian "case" and the Chinese preposition, and on this basis, makes a detailed analysis of the similarities and differences between the Mongolian "case" and the Chinese preposition. From the perspective of their own experience in learning Chinese prepositions, this paper puts forward the teaching methods and suggestions for Mongolian students studying Chinese prepositions.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146.2;H531

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