现代汉语比字差比句的句法推导

发布时间：2018-06-16 23:37

本文选题：“比” + 轻动词　；参考：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：文章在以往传统研究和生成语法研究的基础上重新考虑了汉语比字差比句的句法特征。包括重新分析了比字句的句法类型、依据新的理论论证了标记“比”的属性、推导出比字句的句法结构并由此解释了一系列传统研究不能解释、以往生成语法领域没有解释好的现象。比较项的句法类型。依据约束原则乙种条件,文章论证了汉语比字句同"than"句一样,应该是小句比较与短语比较两种类型并存,而不是单一的类型。但是这两种类型之间并不像英语"than'’比较句那样,小句比较句可以删略形成短语比较句,汉语比字句的这两种类型之间没有衍生关系,二者应该是并立关系。差比标记“比”的定性。这是本文的创新点之一。以往的研究从不同角度根据汉语“比”的句法特征提出了多种语类说：传统研究判为介词,生成语法研究则出入较大,包括动词、副动词、连词、标句词等。这些归类或多或少能得到“比”的事实的证实,但在很大程度上不能涵盖更多的“比”的特性。文章根据语言事实论证了标记“比”既不具有典型介词所应有的句法特征,也缺乏典型介词所应有的特性。同时文章还利用约束原则证明“比+St”具有非附加性。所以标记“比”既不是动词,也不是介词。据此,结合Huang(1997,2008)、Lin(2001)以及范畴理论,文章把这个标记处理为轻动词,即事态谓词。这是学界首次提出“比”是事态性的谓词。句式的句法结构。这是本文的创新点之二。在否定“比+St”为附加成分的基础上,文章赞同“比+St”为谓项成分。基于Huang(1997)Lin(2001)的理论,文章构建了现代汉语比字差比句的句法结构：比字句是一个vP壳结构(vP-Shell),存在HOLD、 Bi、Deg三个功能中心,各名词性成分均生成在标定语上并被指派题元角色。这一结构也能够得到现代汉语方言中五类典型差比句的支持。
[Abstract]:On the basis of traditional research and generative grammar, this paper reconsiders the syntactic features of Chinese word contrast. Including re-analysis of the syntactic types of Bi-sentence, proving the attribute of "Bi" according to the new theory, deducing the syntactic structure of Bi-sentence and explaining a series of traditional studies that can not be explained. There was no explanation in the field of generative grammar in the past. Compare the syntactic types of items. On the basis of the constraint principle, this paper argues that the two types of clause comparison and phrase comparison should coexist, rather than a single type, as the "than" sentence. However, these two types are not like the English comparative sentences. Clauses can be deleted to form phrase comparative sentences. There is no derivative relationship between the two types of Chinese comparative sentences, and the two should be parallel. Difference ratio marks the characterization of "ratio". This is one of the innovations of this paper. According to the syntactic characteristics of Chinese "Bi", previous studies have put forward a variety of linguistic categories: the traditional study of prepositions, the study of generative grammar is quite different, including verbs, auxiliary verbs, conjunctions, tagged words and so on. These categories are more or less corroborated by the fact of "ratio", but to a large extent do not cover more "than" characteristics. Based on the linguistic facts, this paper demonstrates that the marker "bi" has neither the syntactic features of typical prepositions nor the characteristics of typical prepositions. At the same time, it is proved that "Bei St" is non-additive by the principle of constraint. So marking "bi" is neither a verb nor a preposition. On the basis of this, combined with Huang's 1997 / 2008 / 2001) and category theory, this mark is treated as a light verb, that is, a predicate of state of affairs. This is the first time that "Bei" is a predicate of state of affairs. The syntactic structure of a sentence. This is the second innovation of this paper. On the basis of negating "Bei St" as an additive, the article agrees that "Bei St" is a predicate component. Based on the theory of Huang (1997 / 2001), this paper constructs the syntactic structure of comparative sentence in modern Chinese: it is a vP-shell structure with three functional centers: HOLDand Biandeg, and each noun component is generated on the calibration language and assigned to the role of question element. This structure can also be supported by five types of typical differential sentences in modern Chinese dialects.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】