《国语》成语研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 02:21

本文选题：《国语》 + 成语　；参考：《复旦大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：专书成语研究是成语研究的基础,也是汉语词汇研究的重要一环。本文选取先秦典籍《国语》,穷尽性地爬梳了其中已定型的,以及虽未定型、但源于该书的一百条成语,从以下五个方面对其进行了较为系统的研究：第一,研究综述。简述《国语》一书的研究历史和研究现状；梳理了近百年间国内成语研究的发展状况,分四个阶段总结了各阶段的研究特点、趋势、重点领域,并对其代表人物和著作进行述评。第二,《国语》成语的概况。考察了《国语》成语的来源,按出处列出成语条目和所在章节,并进行数量统计；指出成语在《国语》一书中的分布情况。归纳出后世加工改造《国语》语句形成成语的方式,即截取语句、概括文义、更换语素和节缩语句四种类型。第三,《国语》成语的结构和句法功能。将《国语》成语的结构分为联合式、非联合式和紧缩复句式三个大类,其中,又划分出双述宾联合式、双主谓联合式式等二十个子类。采用定量与定性分析相结合的方法,穷尽性地考察每一类型中所有成语的语法性质与句法功能,得出了如下结论：《国语》成语从大类看,非联合式的成语数量最多；从子类看,主谓非联合式的成语数量最多；从各子类成语与其所在大类的成语数量关系来看,联合式中的双述宾式成语、非联合式中的主谓式成语、紧缩复句式中的转折式成语在各大类中占比最重；从定型与未定型成语的层面来看,定型成语占有绝对优势,且主谓非联合式成语中的定型成语数量最多；从各结构类型成语的语法性质和句法功能看,除了呈现体词性的两个小类和语法性质较为复杂的三个小类外,《国语》成语整体上呈现谓词性,在句中多充当谓语。其中,联合式中的双主谓式、双定中式,非联合式中的状中式、兼语式、述宾式、主谓式,以及紧缩复句式中的让步式又多独立成句。第四,《国语》成语的演变研究。以《国语》成语为例论述成语的演变机制,将其分为语义变迁、适用范围的变化、色彩变化、形态变化、语法性质和功能的变化、“词汇化”六种类型。对成语“丹楹刻桷”、“高高下下”、“不可方物”、“旅进旅退”、“内忧外患”、“豁壑无厌”、“欲壑难填”进行了个案分析,考察了其形成与演变的路径。第五,辞书失收成语举隅。选取在综述中论及的《中国成语大辞典》、《汉语成语大辞典》、《汉语成语考释词典》、《汉语成语辞海》和《汉语成语大全》这五本较通行的成语词典作为参照,举出这五本成语词典均未收录的十三条成语,对其进行语料搜集、源流追溯、语义考释和异体比较。
[Abstract]:The study of idioms is not only the basis of idiom research, but also an important part of the study of Chinese vocabulary. This article selects the pre-Qin classical book, "Mandarin language", crawls and combs the already finalized, as well as has not finalized, but derives from the book 100 idioms, has carried on the more systematic research from the following five aspects: first, the article has carried on the comparatively systematic research from the following five aspects: first, although has not finalized, has carried on the more systematic research from the following five aspects. Summary of research. This paper briefly introduces the history and present situation of the research of Guoyu, combs the development of idiom research in China in the past 100 years, and summarizes the characteristics, trends and key areas of the research in four stages. And to its representative personage and the work carries on the commentary. Second, the general situation of idioms. This paper investigates the source of idioms in Mandarin, lists the items and chapters of idioms according to their provenances, and makes quantitative statistics, and points out the distribution of idioms in Guoyu. This paper sums up four types of idiom formation: intercepting sentence, generalizing the meaning of the sentence, replacing the morpheme and reducing the sentence. Thirdly, the structure and syntactic function of idioms. The structure of idioms in Mandarin is divided into three categories: associative, unassociative and constrictive complex sentence types. Among them, there are 20 subcategories, such as the combined type of double statement and object, the joint type of double subject and predicate, and so on. By combining quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis, the grammatical properties and syntactic functions of all idioms in each type are investigated in an exhaustive manner. The following conclusions are drawn: the number of uncombined idioms is the largest in large categories; From the perspective of subcategory, the number of subject-predicate unassociative idioms is the most, and from the relationship between each subclass idiom and its large category of idioms, it can be seen that the double-predicate idioms in the associative form and the subject-predicate idioms in the non-associative forms, From the perspective of stereotype and unstereotyped idiom, stereotype idioms have the absolute advantage, and the number of stereotyped idioms is the largest in the subject-predicate unUnited idioms. From the perspective of the grammatical properties and syntactic functions of idioms of various structural types, in addition to the two subcategories of part of speech and the three subcategories with more complicated grammatical properties, the idioms of "Guoyu" as a whole present predicates and often act as predicates in sentences. Among them, double subject-predicate, double definite Chinese, non-associative Chinese, double-object, subject-predicate, and conceding in constrictive complex are independent sentences. Fourth, the study of the evolution of idioms. Taking the idiom of Guoyu as an example, this paper discusses the evolution mechanism of idiom, and divides it into six types: semantic change, change of applicable scope, change of color, change of form, change of grammatical nature and function, and "lexicalization". This paper makes a case study of the idioms "Dan couplets", "high and down", "not square things", "travel in and out", "internal and external troubles", "exclusion of beggars and woes", "filled with lust", and examines its formation and evolution path. Fifth, dictionaries have lost their idioms. Five more popular dictionaries of Chinese idioms, such as the Great Dictionary of Chinese idioms, the Dictionary of textual Research on Chinese idioms, the Sea of Chinese idioms and the Bibliography of Chinese idioms, are selected as references. This paper lists 13 idioms which are not included in these five idioms dictionaries, and carries on the corpus collection, the origin tracing, the semantic textual research and the allogeneic comparison.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H131

【参考文献】