信阳商城方言声调实验研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 10:22

本文选题：信阳商城方言 + 声调　；参考：《云南师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：文章采用实验语音学的理论和方法，以信阳市商城县县城为调查点，，对信阳商城方言进行实验研究,希望这些成果能为后人研究信阳商城方言提供参考与借鉴。笔者从音高、音长角度，展现信阳商城方言在单字调、双字调、轻声方面的特征，以便人们对信阳商城方言声调系统进行全面的认识。实验结果分析表明，信阳商城方言有四个声调，阴平、阳平、上声、去声，调值分别是214、33、24、52，四声的音长比较起来阴平最长，阳平次之，上声、去声最短，这与阴平的曲折调、阳平的平调、上声的上升调、去声的下降调调型特征相吻合，信阳商城方言声调系统总体来说具有区分明显、分布均衡的特征。信阳商城方言双字调16种搭配中产生变调的有7种，即阴平组的阴平+阴平、阴平+阳平、阴平+去声，阳平组的阳平+阴平，上声组的上声+阴平、上声+上声，去声组的去声+阴平。这些变调多集中在阴平的变调上，阴平+阴平中的后字阴平、阴平+去声、阳平+阴平、上声+阴平、去声+阴平中的阴平都变成降调；去声没有变调且在信阳商城方言里相当丰富。在音长方面，16种组合时长分布集中在0.50s至0.65s之间，除了去声+阴平之外，后字的时长都比前字时长要长，由于去声+阴平的调型是：降调+降调，前字音高降至最低，后字顺势以最低点为起点发音，起音的准备阶段较短所以后字音长短于前字。信阳商城方言没有轻声音节，普通话四声轻声组合在信阳商城方言里均发生了变调，且普通话轻声随前字非轻声的调类变化。普通话阴平/阳平/去声+轻声组合中后字轻声音节在信阳商城方言中表现出了去声的降调调型，调值分别是42、32、52；普通话上声+轻声组合中后字轻声音节表现出了上声的上升调型，调值为25。其中部分普通话AA式阳平+轻声组合中的后字轻声，与普通话AB式阳平+轻声组合相比发生了变化，后字调值变为52。调长方面，普通话四声+轻声组合在信阳商城方言中的调长由长到短的顺序是：阴平+轻声、上声+轻声、阳平+轻声、去声+轻声。在信阳商城方言中，普通话后字读轻声的音节调长要长于非轻声音节约0.01s至0.03s。所以普通话轻声音节在信阳商城方言里不具备短、轻的特点而且还长于前字非轻声音节。在信阳商城方言中，普通话四声+轻声就相当于一个普通双音节词。总的来说，信阳商城方言在听感上由于四声分布均衡显得抑扬顿挫，由于阴平变降调情况较多略显低沉，后字时长略长于前字听起来显得略带拖音。
[Abstract]:This paper adopts the theory and method of experimental phonetics, taking Shangcheng county of Xinyang city as the investigation point, carries on the experimental research to the Xinyang Shangcheng dialect, hoping that these results can provide reference and reference for the later generations to study Xinyang Shangcheng dialect. From the angle of pitch and pitch, the author presents the characteristics of Xinyang Shangcheng dialect in terms of single tone, double tone and soft voice, so that people can have a comprehensive understanding of the tone system of Xinyang Shangcheng dialect. The experimental results show that there are four tones in Shancheng dialect of Xinyang, namely, Yin Ping, Yang Ping, Shangsheng, De-sound, and the tone values are respectively 214433C3C244N52.The tone length of the four-tone is the longest, the Yangping is the second, the upper voice is the shortest, and the dissonant is the shortest. This is the zigzag tone of the Yinping, and this is the zigzag tone of the Yin and Ping. The horizontal tone of Yangping, the rising tone of upper voice and the descending tone type of de-sound are consistent with each other. The tone system of Xinyang Shangcheng dialect has the characteristics of distinct differentiation and balanced distribution. In Xinyang Shangcheng dialect, 7 of the 16 combinations of double-character tones produced variations, that is, Yin Ping, Yin Ping Yang Ping, Yin Ping Yang Ping, Yang Ping Yin Ping, Yang Ping Yin Ping, Shangsheng Group Upper Sound Yin Ping, and Shang Sheng Group Shang Sheng Yin Ping, and Shang Sheng Group A tone of Yin Ping, Yin Ping Yang Ping, Yang Ping Yin Ping, and Shang Sheng Group A tone of Yin Ping, Yin Ping Yang Ping, Yin Ping Yang Ping, and Yang Ping Yin Ping, The sound of the group was flat. Most of these variations are concentrated on the tone of Yin and Ping. The latter characters of Yin Ping Yin Ping, Yin Ping Yin Ping, Yang Ping Yin Ping, Yang Ping Yin Ping, Yin Ping on the other turn into descending tones. There is no change in tone and it is quite rich in the dialect of Xinyang Shancheng. In terms of tone length, the length of 16 combinations is concentrated between 0.50s and 0.65s. Except for the de-tone, the duration of the latter character is longer than that of the former, because the tone type of the de-tone is: lowering the tone and lowering the tone, and the height of the antecedent is reduced to the lowest. The lowest point is used as the starting point, and the preparation stage is shorter, so the hindword is longer than the former. There is no light syllable in Xinyang Shangcheng dialect, and the combination of four tones of Putonghua is changed in Xinyang Shangcheng dialect, and the tone of Putonghua is changed with the non-softly tone of the former words. In the combination of Yinping / Yangping / deacousing of Putonghua, the low tone syllable of hindword shows the type of de-tone in Xinyang Shangcheng dialect, with the modulation value of 42 / 32 / 52 respectively. In the combination of upper tone and soft voice in Mandarin, the lower syllable shows the ascending tone of the upper voice, with a value of 25. 5%. Some of them have changed compared with AB type Yangping soft voice combination in the AA type of Putonghua, and the tonal value of the latter character has changed to 52. In terms of length adjustment, the order of the length of the four tones of Mandarin in the dialect of Xinyang Shancheng is as follows: light voice, soft voice, and soft voice. In Shancheng dialect of Xinyang, the syllable length of low tone after reading Putonghua is longer than that of non-light sound from 0.01s to 0.03s. Therefore, Mandarin whispering syllables are not short and light in Xinyang Shancheng dialect and are longer than non-whisper syllables. In Xinyang Shangcheng dialect, four tones of Putonghua are equivalent to an ordinary dicyllabic word. In general, the hearing sense of Xinyang Shangcheng dialect appears to be cadence due to the balanced distribution of four sounds, a little lower tone due to the change of Yin and flat, and slightly longer time of the latter word than that of the former word.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H172

【参考文献】