否定比较句“A比B还不C”和“A还不如BC”对比研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 14:24

本文选题：A比B还不C + A还不如BC　；参考：《哈尔滨师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：人类认识客观世界有多种方法，“比较”便是其中基本的方法之一。它也是人类认知领域中共同的思维方式，并且在世界多种多样的语言中有着不同的表达形式。因此，比较句不仅在句法结构类型上丰富多样，在语义及语用上也有着复杂的变化。对比较句的研究，前人时贤做过不少工作，但对比较系统中否定比较句式的对比研究相对较少。本文试图通过整理前人研究成果，运用“三个平面”理论，借鉴关联理论、主观性、范畴理论、隐喻等相关理论去考察否定比较句式“A比B还不C”和“A还不如B C”的功能与用法，在研究句式“A比B还不C”和“A还不如B C”各自功能的基础上，初步探求两者在用法上的异同。首先，梳理与总结相关比较句的研究现状以后，对否定比较句“A比B还不C”进行分析，包括该否定比较句的结构分析，主要从A、B为同一形类，A、B不同形类的情况和比较值C的语言形式三方面进行考察。该否定比较句的语义分析主要从构式义出发，分析出“还”字起强调语义的作用，“比”字表示逆向反差之比，该句式表示语义层次的上升，并从“不+C”的语义联想方面进行了探究。该句式的语用分析方面，主要从预设信息、语境条件、反预期的语用功能、关联理论四个方面进行了较为全面的分析、考察。其次，对否定比较句“A还不如B C”进行分析，主要运用三个平面理论对A、B为同一形类、A、B不同形类的情况和比较值C的语言形式三方面进行考察。在语义方面，从构式义出发，把“A还不如B C”分为肯定句和疑问句的情况。多数的“A还不如B C”为肯定句式，疑问句式一般不常用于日常交际。因此，疑问句式的语言事实相对较少。考察发现，疑问句式的“A还不如B C”和肯定句式的“A还不如B C”语义偏向是不同的。对该句式的语用分析，主要从预设信息、语境条件、反预期、关联理论四个方面进行了探究。最后是论文的重点部分，即“A比B还不C”和“A还不如B C”构式的比较，这里主要侧重语义和语用方面的对比。两个句式语义方面的相同点主要从比较关系的转变、主观性、比较值三方面加以比较分析。语义方面的不同点，主要从语义指向的不同、量级差异程度的不同、对称与不对称的问题及不对称的限制因素四个方面加以分析和考察。
[Abstract]:There are many ways for human beings to understand the objective world, and comparison is one of the basic methods. It is also a common way of thinking in the field of human cognition and has different forms of expression in a variety of languages around the world. Therefore, comparative sentences not only have various syntactic structure types, but also have complicated changes in semantics and pragmatics. In the study of comparative sentences, Shi Xian has done a lot of work, but the contrastive study of negative comparative sentences in the comparative system is relatively few. This paper attempts to use the theory of "three planes" to draw lessons from relevance theory, subjectivity and category theory by sorting out the previous research results. Metaphor and other relevant theories to examine the function and usage of negative comparative sentence "A than B is not C" and "A is inferior to B C". On the basis of studying the respective functions of sentence pattern "A than B is not C" and "A is inferior to B C", A preliminary exploration of the similarities and differences in the use of the two. First of all, after combing and summarizing the research status of the relative comparative sentence, the author analyzes the negative comparative sentence "A is not C than B", including the structure analysis of the negative comparative sentence. This paper mainly discusses the situation of different types of Agna B and the linguistic form of comparison value C. The semantic analysis of the negative comparative sentence mainly starts from the construction meaning, and analyzes that the word "Huo" plays an important role in emphasizing semantics, and the word "bi" represents the ratio of reverse contrast, and the sentence pattern indicates the rise of semantic level. It also explores the semantic association of "not C". In the aspect of pragmatic analysis of the sentence pattern, the author makes a comprehensive analysis from four aspects: presupposition information, contextual conditions, counter-expected pragmatic functions and relevance theory. Secondly, the negative comparative sentence "A is not as good as B C" is analyzed. Three plane theories are used to investigate the situation of different forms of Agna B and the linguistic form of comparative value C. In the aspect of semantics, "A is worse than B C" is divided into positive sentence and question sentence from construction meaning. Most "A" is not as positive as B C, and interrogative sentence is not often used in daily communication. Therefore, there are relatively few linguistic facts in interrogative sentences. It is found that the semantic biases of "A" and "A" in interrogative sentence are different from those in positive sentence. The pragmatic analysis of this sentence is mainly discussed from four aspects: presupposition information, contextual conditions, anti-expectation and relevance theory. The last part is the comparison of "A than B is not C" and "A is worse than B C", which mainly focuses on the comparison of semantic and pragmatic aspects. The similarities between the two sentence patterns are mainly analyzed from three aspects: the change of comparative relation, subjectivity and comparison value. The differences in semantics are mainly analyzed from four aspects: the differences in semantic direction, the degree of difference in order of magnitude, the problems of symmetry and asymmetry, and the constraints of asymmetry.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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