汉语阅读中词汇通达的双加工过程研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 20:20

本文选题：N400 + P600　；参考：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：结合阅读理解的实际以及词汇通达对个体获得单词意义的重要性,本研究主要考察句中关键词汇的语义通达过程。传统的句子加工理论认为,句法分析和语义分析是不同的过程。相关的ERP研究也表明,句法加工和语义加工是独立表征的。根据近年来语义P600的研究结果,我们认为大脑在加工不同句式时出现的ERP模式会受到自动加工和控制性加工的结合方式的调节。本研究从认知神经科学的角度,运用ERP技术对句子理解过程进行连续地测量,探究语言理解中的自动加工和控制性加工过程。创新性地设置了一个由反义动词置换构造的语义违反句式,并应用双加工模型对其诱发出的N400-P600双效应加以解释,使我们对句子的加工过程有了新的认识,既是对当前句子加工理论的补充,同时也为语义P600的研究提供了新的实验证据。研究方法：首先对被试进行分类,按照工作记忆刷新功能(高、低)分为两组,考察不同类型被试在加工三种不同类型的句式(正确、反义、无关)时的脑电活动模式。实验句子材料被切分成词,并逐屏呈现,在被试完成实验任务的同时软件会分别记录下行为和脑电数据,以供后期进行离线分析。研究结果：对于N400而言,中线电极和两侧电极的分析结果均显示句子类型的主效应显著,三种实验条件下的平均波幅：正确句式反义句式无关句式。对于P600而言,除了发现中线电极和两侧电极句子类型的主效应显著(反义句式和正确句式所引起的波幅差异显著,反义句式正确句式；无关句式与前两者的差异均不显著)外,两侧电极的分析结果还显示被试分组的主效应呈边缘显著(工作记忆刷新功能高分组被试的波幅大于低分组)。由总体分析得知,反义句式所诱发的脑电模式(N400-P600双效应)更为复杂,进一步对其分析发现,两个时间窗口上的中线电极和两侧电极分析得出了一致的结果(两组被试间没有显著差异)。研究结论：反义动词置换所形成的语义违反可以引发N400-P600效应,证明了句子理解中双加工过程的存在；工作记忆刷新功能的高低对阅读理解的双加工进程有一定影响的趋势。
[Abstract]:Combined with the reality of reading comprehension and the importance of lexical access to individual acquisition of word meaning, the present study focuses on the semantic access process of key words in sentences. Traditional sentence processing theory holds that syntactic analysis and semantic analysis are different processes. Related ERP research also shows that syntactic processing and semantic processing are independent representations. According to the research results of semantic P600 in recent years, we think that the ERP pattern of the brain when processing different sentence patterns will be regulated by the combination of automatic processing and controlled processing. From the perspective of cognitive neuroscience, this study uses ERP technology to continuously measure the process of sentence comprehension and to explore the process of automatic and controlled processing in language understanding. This paper innovatively sets up a semantic violation sentence structure constructed by the antisense verb permutation, and explains the N400-P600 double effect induced by it by using the double processing model, which makes us have a new understanding of the process of sentence processing. It not only complements the current theory of sentence processing, but also provides new experimental evidence for the study of semantic P600. Methods: the subjects were classified and divided into two groups according to their working memory refresh function (high and low). The EEG activity patterns of three different types of sentence patterns (correct, antisense and irrelevant) were investigated. The experimental sentence material was cut into words and presented on screen by screen. At the same time, the software recorded the behavior and EEG data separately for off-line analysis at the later stage. Results: for N400, the main effect of sentence type was significant at both the midline electrode and the bilateral electrode. The average amplitude of the three experimental conditions was as follows: the correct sentence pattern, the antisense sentence pattern, the irrelevant sentence pattern. For P600, it was found that the main effect of sentence type of midline electrode and bilateral electrode was significant (the amplitude difference between antisense sentence pattern and correct sentence pattern was significant, the correct sentence pattern of antisense sentence pattern was not significant; the difference between irrelevant sentence pattern and the former two sentence patterns was not significant). The results of bilateral electrode analysis also showed that the main effect of the group was marginal (the amplitude of the high score group with working memory refresh was larger than that of the low group). From the overall analysis, it is found that the antisense pattern induced by the antisense sentence pattern (N400-P600 double effect) is more complex. The results of midline electrode and bilateral electrode analysis on the two time windows were consistent (there was no significant difference between the two groups). The conclusion is that the semantic violation of antisense verb substitution can lead to N400-P600 effect, which proves the existence of double processing process in sentence comprehension, and the level of working memory refresh function has a certain influence on the double processing process of reading comprehension.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H0-05

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