从语义地图看“否则”类连词的虚化轨迹

发布时间：2018-07-01 13:24

本文选题：“否则”类连词 + 语义地图　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：语义地图是语言类型学新的语义分析工具,它以“语义连续性假说”为其主要设想,通过跨语言的比较可以帮助揭示出虚词和语法构造的虚化问题。“否则”类连词分别是“否则”、“不然”、“要不然”、“要不”和“若不”,其中前面四个都已成词,完成了语法化过程,“若不”到目前为止还没有成词。本文运用语义地图理论绘制出了“否则”类连词的语义地图。第一章简单介绍了研究的意义和目标,从“语义地图”和“否则”类连词两个角度回顾了前人做过的相关研究。重点叙述了“语义地图”理论的相关概念,语义地图的绘制方法,以及语法化的相关理论。第二章从“否则”类连词的语法化过程入手,通过大量语料的调查,梳理出了“否则”类连词成词以后的语义功能的变化情况,总结出了“否定假设”、“选择”“建议”和“醒悟”四个语义功能,绘制出了“否则”类连词的概念空间。第三章结合已有的“与连词有关的语义地图”,对“否则”类连词的四个语义功能进行了概念选择,同时引入英语和日语资料检验了这些概念的可靠性。在排列好这些概念的位置之后,分别绘制出了“否则”类连词的语义地图,并进行了证伪和拓展。第四章在绘制出的语义地图的基础上,总结了“否则”类连词的语义地图的蕴含共性,并揭示了它们虚化的四个动因和机制,即共同语义结构、重新分析机制、经济性原则和使用频率,最后预测了“否则”类连词语法化的发展趋势。第五章回顾了“否则”类连词语义地图的绘制过程,总结了绘制过程中的难点以及取得的成果。同时指出了在绘制语义地图过程中存在的问题和一些思考,为以后的研究提供了参考。
[Abstract]:Semantic map is a new tool for semantic analysis of language typology. It takes "semantic continuity hypothesis" as its main assumption, and it can help to reveal the problem of functional words and grammatical structures by cross-language comparison. The "otherwise" conjunctions are "otherwise", "otherwise" and "if not", of which the first four have become words and have completed the process of grammaticalization, and so far "if not" has not yet become a word. In this paper, the semantic map of "otherwise" conjunctions is drawn by using semantic map theory. The first chapter briefly introduces the significance and goal of the research, and reviews the previous studies from the perspectives of semantic map and "otherwise" conjunction. The related concepts of semantic map theory, the drawing method of semantic map, and the relevant theory of grammaticalization are emphatically described. The second chapter starts with the grammaticalization process of "otherwise" type conjunctions, combs out the changes of semantic functions after "otherwise" conjunctions become words and sums up "negative hypotheses" through a lot of data investigation. The four semantic functions of "choose" suggestion "and" awakening "are used to draw the concept space of" otherwise "conjunctions. In chapter 3, the four semantic functions of "otherwise" conjunctions are selected, and the reliability of these concepts is tested by introducing English and Japanese data. After arranging the positions of these concepts, the semantic map of "otherwise" conjunctions is drawn, and the falsification and extension are carried out. In the fourth chapter, on the basis of the semantic map drawn out, we summarize the common features of semantic maps of "otherwise" conjunctions, and reveal the four causes and mechanisms of their vanity, that is, the common semantic structure and the re-analysis mechanism. Finally, the development trend of grammaticalization of "otherwise" conjunctions is predicted. The fifth chapter reviews the process of semantic mapping of "otherwise" conjunctions, summarizes the difficulties and achievements in the process of rendering. At the same time, it points out the existing problems and some thoughts in the process of drawing semantic map, which provides a reference for future research.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H14

【参考文献】