汉语亲属称谓泛化的社会语言学研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 00:09

本文选题：亲属称谓 + 泛化　；参考：《北京外国语大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文运用社会语言学的理论和方法,对汉语日常会话中出现的亲属称谓泛化现象进行研究。亲属称谓的泛化是指用亲属称谓来称呼非亲属的社会成员。本文回顾了亲属称谓相关理论研究的发展状况,并研究了汉语亲属称谓系统及言语交际中泛化用于非亲属之间的亲属称谓。文章旨在揭示汉语亲属称谓泛化现象的总体模式,并探讨了潜在的社会和语言因素对这些泛化现象的影响。为了得到一个比较有代表性的样本,本文采用社会语言学研究方法,从时下热播的六部电视连续剧中采集语料,涉及了来自不同年龄群、不同性别、不同社会阶层、不同社会距离的947例语料。文章采用了定性和定量分析相结合的方法,以典型例子和统计数据的方式共同展示了汉语亲属称谓泛化现象的总体模式和特点。另外,作者还通过观察记录了在日常生活中自然情境下发生的亲属称谓泛化现象,采用了时下亲属称谓热门用语共40例作为语言素材来进行研究整合,以此来增强本研究的信度和效度。作者对各项数据进行了描述性分析,根据数据分析方法以及表格描述,对各项结果进行讨论。通过研究发现,汉语中的亲属称谓数量繁多,且亲属称谓泛化现象较为普遍。论文进一步分析了这种总体模式的主要语言及社会原因,并从社会语言学角度陈述了亲属称谓泛化的社会性。本研究还发现,汉语亲属称谓泛化词语进一步扩大,泛化的亲属称谓从血亲亲属称谓词扩大到姻亲亲属称谓词,尽管频率仍然很低。此外,亲属称谓泛化遵循一定的使用原则：辈分原则；亲密原则；场合原则；社会因素原则；从儿称原则。在这些原则的指导下,亲属称谓泛化现象更加复杂多变,衍生出基于不同因素的使用现象,其中最具特点的是对亲属称谓的操纵和带亲属称谓的热词。最后,研究讨论了不同社会因素,如年龄、性别、社会阶层和社会距离,对亲属称谓泛化的影响。此项研究揭示了汉语亲属称谓泛化现象的总体模式,期望通过提供以汉语为语料的研究来充实现有文献,并进一步激发更多关于这一课题的深入研究。本文的研究结果对跨文化交流也有一定的启示意义,亲属称谓及其泛化作为言语交际的重要部分,能充分体现语言称谓系统的文化,由此表明文化与交际是密不可分的。所发现的汉语亲属称谓泛化现象及其与语言和社会因素的关系对对外汉语教师和学习汉语的外国学生都有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:Based on sociolinguistic theories and methods, this paper studies the phenomenon of kinship generalization in Chinese daily conversation. The generalization of kinship appellation refers to the term of kinship appellation as a non-relative member of the society. This paper reviews the development of relative appellation theory and studies the Chinese kinship appellation system and the generalization of kinship appellations between non-relatives in verbal communication. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the general pattern of Chinese kinship generalization, and to explore the influence of potential social and linguistic factors on these generalized phenomena. In order to get a representative sample, this paper uses sociolinguistic research methods to collect language materials from six popular TV series, involving different age groups, different sexes, different social strata. 947 cases of different social distances. This paper adopts the method of qualitative and quantitative analysis to show the general pattern and characteristics of Chinese kinship appellation generalization with typical examples and statistical data. In addition, by observing and recording the phenomenon of kinship generalization in natural situations of daily life, the author adopts 40 popular expressions of kinship appellations as language materials for research and integration. In order to enhance the reliability and validity of this study. The author makes descriptive analysis of the data and discusses the results according to the data analysis method and the table description. It is found that the number of kinship appellations in Chinese is various and the generalization of kinship appellations is more common. The thesis further analyzes the main language and social reasons of this general model, and expounds the sociality of kinship appellation generalization from the sociolinguistic point of view. The study also found that the extension of Chinese kinship appellations expanded from blood kinship appellations to in-laws kinship appellations although the frequency is still very low. In addition, the generalization of kinship appellations follows certain principles: the principle of seniority, the principle of intimacy, the principle of occasion, the principle of social factors, and the principle of children. Under the guidance of these principles, the phenomenon of kinship appellation generalization is more complex and changeable, and the use phenomenon based on different factors is derived, among which the most characteristic is the manipulation of kinship appellations and the hot words with kinship appellations. Finally, the influence of different social factors, such as age, sex, social class and social distance, on the generalization of kinship appellation is discussed. This study reveals the general pattern of the phenomenon of kinship generalization in Chinese and hopes to enrich the existing literature by providing Chinese as the corpus and further stimulate more in-depth research on this subject. As an important part of verbal communication, kinship appellation and its generalization can fully reflect the culture of language appellation system, which shows that culture and communication are inseparable. The phenomenon of kinship generalization and its relationship with language and social factors are valuable for both TCFL teachers and foreign students who study Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136

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