以英语为参照的汉语放置义句式研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 02:56

本文选题：放置动词 + 放置义句式　；参考：《浙江财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：前人对放置动词和放置义句式有不少研究。但这些研究对各种汉语放置义句式之间的不同以及汉、英放置义句式之间的差异关注不够。本文对各种汉语放置义句式以及汉、英放置义句式加以比较，并联系普通重音规则、动后限制从句法学等角度对相关差异作出解释。首先，汉语“NP1+V+NP2+PLoc”这一句式与其他放置义句式不同。在这一句式中，宾语和表方位的介词短语共现于动词之后，而其他类型的放置义句式中，动词之后则只含宾语或表方位介词短语。后一种情况中，句式遵从普通重音规则和动后限制，但前一种情况下，句式表面看来违反了普通重音规则和动后限制。不过，按我们的分析，可以将“NP1+V+NP2+PLoc”这一句式看作兼语式，“P”位置上动词性的“在”作为谓语成分分配普通重音给方位名词，因此并不存在违反普通重音规则的情况；而且此兼语式实际由“NP1+V+NP2”和“NP2+PLoc”两个子句结构构成，其中每一句式动词后只出现宾语成分，因此该句式也不违反动后限制。其次，本文从语用学角度确定了汉、英两种语言中的典型放置义句式分别为“NP1+PP+V+NP2”和“NP1+V+NP2+PP”。英语典型放置义句式中介词短语置于动词之后，然而汉语典型放置义句式中介词短语置于动词之前。汉语中独有的“动后限制”造成了这一差异。按这一限制，汉语动词后只能出现动词宾语和结果性成分。所以在汉语典型的放置义句式中，表示方位和工具的介词短语位于动词之前。最后，，本文发现英语中存在扩展式放置义句式，而汉语中并没有扩展式放置义句式。英语中能够进入扩展式的放置动词如pocket和butter都由相应名词在词汇句法层面通过句法操作与轻动词CAUSE和BECOME等合并生成，而现代汉语中并没有此类在词汇句法层面的句法操作，因此这种名源放置动词在汉语中无法生成，由此导致汉语扩展式放置义句式的阙如。
[Abstract]:There have been many studies on the placement of verbs and sentence patterns. However, these studies do not pay enough attention to the differences between Chinese and English sentences. This paper makes a comparison of various Chinese sentence patterns and Chinese and English sentences, and explains the differences from the point of view of common stress rules and the law of post-verbally restricted clauses. First of all, the sentence pattern of NP1 V NP2 PLoc is different from other sentence patterns. In this sentence pattern, the object and the prepositional phrase appear after the verb, while in the other types of placement sentence, the verb only contains the object or the locative prepositional phrase after the verb. In the latter case, the sentence pattern obeys the ordinary stress rule and the post-motion restriction, but in the former case, the sentence pattern appears to violate the ordinary stress rule and the post-motion restriction. However, according to our analysis, the sentence pattern "NP1 V NP2 PLoc" can be regarded as a paraphrase, and the verb "in" position "P" distributes the common stress to the noun as a predicate element. Therefore, there is no violation of the ordinary stress rule, and the sentence is actually composed of "NP1V NP2" and "NP2PLoc" clauses, in which only object elements appear after each sentence verb, so the sentence does not violate the post-motion restriction. Secondly, from the perspective of pragmatics, this paper defines the typical sentence patterns in Chinese and English as "NP1 PP V NP2" and "NP1 V NP2 PP" respectively. In English, the prepositional phrase in the semantic sentence is placed after the verb, while in the Chinese, the prepositional phrase in the semantic sentence is placed before the verb. This difference is caused by the unique "after-motion restriction" in Chinese. According to this limitation, only verb objects and resultant elements can appear after Chinese verbs. Therefore, in the typical Chinese sentence of placement, the prepositional phrase representing orientation and tool is before the verb. Finally, it is found that there are extended placement semantic sentences in English and no extended placement semantic sentences in Chinese. In English, extended placement verbs such as pocket and butter are generated by the syntactic manipulation of the corresponding nouns at the lexical and syntactic level with the light verbs CAUSE and BECOME, but there is no such syntactic operation at the lexical level in modern Chinese. Therefore, the noun placement verb can not be generated in Chinese, which leads to the absence of extended placement semantic sentence in Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H146.3;H314.3

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