中国乌孜别克族语言使用现状研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 23:52

本文选题：中国 + 乌孜别克族　；参考：《中央民族大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：乌孜别克族,国外的乌孜别克族被写作乌兹别克族,是从中亚迁入我国的跨境民族。国外的乌孜别克族人口众多,分布在乌兹别克斯坦、哈萨克斯坦、阿富汗等国家,而生活在我国的乌孜别克族人口较少,主要居住在新疆维吾尔自治区各市县,其中以北疆的伊犁哈萨克自治州、木垒哈萨克自治县、塔城地区和南疆的喀什地区居多。据2000年第五次人口普查统计,我国的乌孜别克族共有12370人,其中90%以上居住在城市,少数在农村或牧区。在城市的乌孜别克族与维吾尔族、汉族等其他民族杂居或散居,牧区的乌孜别克族大多与哈萨克族杂居。特殊的居住环境使得乌孜别克族在不同地区的语言使用状况表现出不同的特点。然而,至目前为止的研究资料显示,我国乌孜别克族的语言使用情况并没有得到全面而系统地研究,更没有相关的统计资料说明其语言生活状况,可以说这是我国语言国情调查中的一项空白。本研究以社会语言学的研究方法为主,采用了个案调查法、问卷调查法、访谈法及融入式观察法,并结合民族学和统计学的知识和方法,对个案进行了综合分析,力求得出我国乌孜别克族语言使用现状的科学结论。文中的调查结果均为田野调查第一手资料。本研究的选点及取样的依据有以下特点：一,典型性。以我国乌孜别克族人口分布较集中的地区一伊犁州伊宁市、喀什地区喀什市、莎车县、昌吉州木垒县乌孜别克民族自治乡作为调查点,再根据居住格局类型,对典型的社区及个人进行调查；二,代表性。对不同年龄段、不同职业、不同文化层次的人群进行入户调查,尤其是重点调查各社区中具代表性的乌孜别克族家庭。对掌握乌孜别克语的被调查对象进行专访,并录音摄像,收集语料；三,全面性。取样时主要采用随机抽样的方法,对社区居住的乌孜别克族家庭发放问卷,使每个家庭都能参与调查研究中,全面反映各家庭成员的语言情况。参与本研究的共有1008人,其中伊宁市438人,喀什地区435人,木垒县135人。以2000年全国乌孜别克族总人口为准(12096人),本研究的被调查者占总人口的8.3%。调查涵盖6岁以上所有年龄段,职业包含了乌孜别克族所从事的各个行业领域。无论被调查者的人数、年龄段分布,还是从不同职业及不同文化程度群体的覆盖面来看,本研究都是规模最大,范围最广的一次。研究结果能够体现我国乌孜别克族语言使用情况的真实面貌。本研究对三个调查点的乌孜别克族语言的使用情况进行了多方面、多角度地考察,认为我国乌孜别克族已经基本不使用母语,乌孜别克语不也再是乌孜别克族日常工作学习及生活中的交际工具,也已经基本失去家庭内部语言的地位。乌孜别克族母语使用现状有三种显著的类型：母语濒危型、完全维吾尔语转用型、完全哈萨克语转用型。从乌孜别克语的使用范围、使用人数、使用群体及使用场合等方面说明在我国该语言已成为具典型特征的濒危语言之一,其表现为除少数老人能够使用乌孜别克交流外,伊宁市及喀什地区的乌孜别克族基本转用维吾尔语,维吾尔语也已成为青少年的第一语言。从三地调查情况来看,木垒县的乌孜别克民族乡全体乌孜别克族转用了哈萨克语,哈萨克语水平熟练,并成为其第一语言。综合问卷调查和实地考察的研究结果,乌孜别克族现在的语言使用情况有四种类型：第一,维吾尔语汉语兼用型,在年龄段上主要集中在成年组和青少年组,在地域上主要集中在伊宁市及喀什地区。第二,哈萨克语汉语兼用型,在年龄段上主要集中在成年组和青少年组,在地域上主要集中在木垒县乌孜别克民族乡。第三,维吾尔语乌孜别克语兼用型,这主要集中在老年组,地域上集中在伊宁市及喀什地区。第四,维汉乌哈混合型。这种类型人数较少,主要集中在伊宁市,但不普遍。引起乌孜别克族语言使用多样化的主要原因有：人口少,杂居和散居的居住格局是乌孜别克族语言转用和兼用的客观条件；长期的族际婚姻是影响语言使用的重要因素；民族的适应性是接受另一种语言的基础。基于实地调查,乌孜别克族的母语可能朝两个方向发展,或顺其自然,直至在我国境内消亡,或全力保护,逐渐恢复使用。鉴于国内外乌孜别克族文字体系使用的差异,本研究了解了我国乌孜别克族使用文字的意愿,结果显示我国的乌孜别克族更希望使用以阿拉伯字母为基础的文字,这为日后推广乌孜别克语提供了一定的依据。附录中的乌孜别克语访谈录、基本词汇和日常用语的整理,为研究我国乌孜别克语的语音、词汇及语法提供了基本材料。本研究有以下几方面的意义：第一、填补了建国以来对我国人口较少民族之一一乌孜别克族语言调查研究方面的空白；第二、对我国新疆各地乌孜别克族的语言使用情况有了首次较为全面的介绍和了解；第三、对我国乌孜别克族语言文字的使用情况提供了较为全面的资料,这对于乌孜别克族语言文字的保护及统一规划都有一定的现实意义；第四、积累了较多的乌孜别克语语料,为语言学研究人员进一步探讨乌孜别克语提供了第一手田野调查语料；第五、对我国境内其他濒危语言的调查研究有一定的参考价值。论文包括五章：第一章为绪论,主要论述选题缘由、选题的目的及意义,以及整个研究的调查设计及实施。第二章从族源、人口分布、经济生活、语言文字及宗教信仰等方面介绍中国乌孜别克族的概况。第三章为论文的主体,调查分析了我国新疆伊宁市、喀什地区及木垒县乌孜别克民族乡三地乌孜别克族的语言使用情况。第四章综合三地调查结果,总结了我国乌孜别克族的语言使用现状。分析乌孜别克族母语及兼用语使用及转用的成因及条件。第五章为结语,分析本研究的局限性及今后的研究方向。
[Abstract]:The Uzbek Ethnic Group and the Uzbek nationality of the Uzi family of uzin and the Uzbek nationality are written in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan and other countries. The population of the Uzi Buick nationality in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan and other countries, and the minority of the Uzi Buick people living in our country, mainly live in the cities of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. County, among them Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of Northern Xinjiang, Kazakhstan Autonomous County, Tacheng area and Kashi region of Southern Xinjiang. According to the fifth census in 2000, the uzhe Buick nationality in China has 12370 people, of which more than 90% live in the city, a few in rural or pastoral areas. In the city, the Uygur and Uygur, Uygur and Han nationality in the city The Uzis Buick nationality in pastoral areas is mostly mixed with the Kazakh people. The special residential environment makes the language use of the Uzi Buick minority in different areas show different characteristics. However, to date, the research data show that the language use of the Uzi Buick people in our country has not been fully tied up. There is no relevant statistical data to explain its language living condition. It can be said that this is a blank in the survey of language conditions in China.
This study, based on sociolinguistic research methods, uses case study, questionnaire survey, interview and integration observation, and combines the knowledge and methods of Ethnology and statistics to make a comprehensive analysis of the case, and try to get the scientific conclusion of the current situation of the uzhe Buick language in our country. The results of the investigation are all field. The selection and sampling basis of this study have the following characteristics: first, typical. A Yili Yining city of Yili, Kashi city of Kashi, Shache county and mu base county of Changji Prefecture of Changji state as the investigation point, and then according to the type of residence pattern, the typical type is typical. Investigation of communities and individuals; two, representative. Survey the population of different age groups, different professions and different cultural levels, especially the representative Uzis Buick family in various communities. At the time of sampling, a random sampling method was used to give questionnaires to the families of Uzis Buick families living in the community, so that each family could participate in the investigation and study and fully reflect the language situation of the family members.
There are 1008 people in this study, of which 438 in Yining, 435 in Kashi and 135 in mu base county. The total population of Uzi Buick in 2000 is 12096. The survey of the total population of this study covers all ages over 6 years old, and the occupation includes the various sectors engaged in by the Uzi Buick nationality. The number of investigators, the distribution of age, or the coverage of different occupations and groups of different degrees of culture, this study is the largest and the most extensive. The results of the study can reflect the true features of the use of the Uzis Buick language in China.
In this study, the use of the Uzis Buick language in the three investigation points is carried out in many respects and from many angles. It is considered that the Uzi Buick is not used as a native language, and the Uzi Buick language is no longer a tool for daily work and communication in the daily work of the Uzi Buick, and it has also basically lost the status of the internal language of the family. The use of the mother tongue of the Buick family has three significant types: the mother tongue endangered type, the complete Uygur language transfer type, the complete Kazakh language transfer type. It shows that the language has become one of the typical endangered languages in our country from the scope of use, the number of use, the use group and the use occasion. A few old people can communicate with Uzis Buick, and Uygur language is basically used in Uygur language in Yining and Kashi areas. Uygur language has also become the first language of young people. From the three situation, all the Uzi Buick people in uzen Buick nationality township of mu base county turned to Kazak language, and the Kazakh language was proficient. For its first language.
According to the results of the comprehensive questionnaire survey and field survey, there are four types of language use of the Uzi Buick Nationality: first, Uygur language Chinese concurrently, mainly in the age group, mainly in the adult group and the youth group, mainly in Yining and Kashi area. Second, Kazakh Chinese concurrently type, in the age segment Mainly concentrated in the adult group and the youth group, mainly concentrated in the Wu Zi Buick national township in mu base county. Third, Uygur language Uzi Buick language type, mainly concentrated in the elderly group, the region is concentrated in Yining and Kashi area. Fourth, uyhh uhh hybrid type. This type is less, mainly concentrated in Yining, but It's not common.
The main reasons for the diversification of the Uzis Buick language are: the small population, the inhabitation and the inhabitation pattern are the objective conditions of the Uzis Buick language transfer and concurrently use; the long-term ethnic marriage is an important factor affecting the language use; the national adaptability is the basis for the acceptance of another language. Based on the field survey, Uzis The mother tongue of the Buick may develop in two directions, or take its course with its own nature, until it is disappearing in our country or fully protected and gradually restored to use. In view of the differences in the use of the Chinese and foreign Buick language system at home and abroad, this study understands the intention of the Uzi Buick people in our country to use the words, and the results show that the Uzi Buick people in our country are more likely to use it. The alphabet based on the Arabia alphabet provides a basis for the promotion of the Uzis Buick language in the future. The interviewing of the Uzis Buick language in the appendix, the basic vocabulary and the daily use of the language provide the basic materials for the study of the phonetics, vocabulary and grammar of the ugzi Buick language in China.
This study has the following aspects: first, it fills the blank of the research on the language investigation of the Uzi Buick people, one of the less populous ethnic groups in China since the founding of the people's Republic of China; second, the language use of the Uzi Buick people in all parts of Xinjiang in China has been introduced and understood for the first time; and third, the Uzi Buick language in our country. The use of words in the use of more comprehensive information, which has a certain practical significance for the protection and unified planning of the language and language of the Uzi Buick; fourth, accumulated a lot of Uzi Buick language materials, for the linguistic researchers to further discuss the Uzi Buick language for the first hand field investigation corpus; fifth, to me The investigation and study of other endangered languages in China is of some reference value.
The thesis consists of five chapters: the first chapter is the introduction, which mainly discusses the reasons for the topic, the purpose and significance of the topic, and the investigation design and implementation of the whole research. The second chapter introduces the general situation of the Uzi Buick nationality in China from the origin, the population distribution, the economic life, the language and the religious belief. The third chapter is the main body of the thesis, and the investigation and analysis of me In Yining, Xinjiang, Yining, Kashi and Mumu County, the language use of Uzis ethnic group in three places of Uzis Buick nationality. The fourth chapter summarizes the present situation of the language use of the Uzi Buick nationality in China. The causes and conditions for the use and transfer of the native and concurrently used language of the Uzi are analyzed. The fifth chapter is the conclusion and the analysis of the research. The limitations of the study and the future research direction.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H238

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