基于原型理论的隐喻映射优先解读性研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 00:32

本文选题：原型理论 + 范畴　；参考：《四川师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：原型理论是研究范畴内部成员特征的理论。它认为,原型是一个抽象的心理表征,最能代表给定范畴中成员的关键属性和特征。范畴中的原型可指范畴的典型表征,即拥有该范畴的关键属性和主要特征的原型成员;或是指抽象的图式表征,即是指该范畴中所有属性的集中倾向而非具体原型成员。原型理论还认为,范畴的边界具有模糊性,范畴成员的地位具有不平等性以及范畴具有层次性,即范畴可分为基本层次范畴,上义层次范畴和下义层次范畴。 Lakoff和Johnson(1980)提出的概念隐喻,指的是通过另一类事物或概念来对某一类事物或概念进行理解和经历的一种认知识解方式。概念隐喻的工作机制被视为源域到目标域的映射。即,用一个较为具体或熟悉的概念域(源域)去描述另一个相对较为抽象或陌生的概念域(目标域)。 Lakoff和Johnson的概念隐喻工作机制很好地揭示了概念隐喻映射的实质。但是,对于跨域映射过程中出现的映射优先解读性---源域中某些属性优先映射到目标域---现象,该概念隐喻工作机制却不能很好地给出较为细致和具体的解释。为了进一步揭示隐喻认知识解规律,本文在一些研究者的前期研究基础上,以Lakoff和Johnson的概念隐喻映射工作机制为框架,运用原型理论对概念隐喻中的映射优先解读性现象进行探索。在本文的研究中,目标域和源域被视为两个独立的不同范畴,即目标域范畴和源域范畴;隐喻映射视为源域范畴属性到目标域范畴的映射。论文研究表明,概念隐喻的优先解读性与源域范畴属性的原型特点,源域范畴边界的模糊性以及源域范畴属性的等级性和地位不平等性有密切关系,而且这种现象普遍存在于人类认知思维活动中。此外,隐喻映射的优先解读性还与语言者个体的认知能力、现实世界、传统惯例、语境和文化等因素有关。在认知能力方面,由于人们对源域范畴中属性的理解不同,导致概念隐喻优先解读性不同：在现实世界方面,由于人们关于目标域范畴的某些经验导致源域范畴中的某个(些)属性更容易对其识解,从而导致映射优先性的不同;在传统惯例方面,源域范畴中某些属性的约定俗成性是导致其优先映射的主要原因;在语境方面,由于某种具体语境能突显源域范畴中某些属性,从而使其优先映射;在文化方面,由于历史、地理条件、宗教信仰、行为习惯的不同,从而使得人们对源域范畴中属性的认识不同,以致映射的优先解读性有所不同。论文也是对Lakoff和Johnson概念隐喻工作机制的进一步理解和思考,有利于从范畴化角度深入研究概念隐喻映射。
[Abstract]:Prototype theory is the theory of studying the characteristics of internal members of category. It holds that prototype is an abstract psychological representation, which can best represent the key attributes and characteristics of members in a given category. The archetypal representation in a category refers to the typical representation of the category, that is, the prototype member who has the key attributes and main characteristics of the category, or the abstract schema representation, that is, the concentrated tendency of all the attributes in the category rather than the concrete prototype member. The prototype theory also holds that the boundary of category is fuzzy, the status of category member is unequal and the category has hierarchy, that is, category can be divided into basic categories. Conceptual metaphor proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) refers to a way of understanding and experiencing a certain kind of thing or concept through another kind of thing or concept. The working mechanism of conceptual metaphor is regarded as the mapping of source domain to target domain. That is to say, a more specific or familiar concept domain (source domain) is used to describe another relatively abstract or unfamiliar concept domain (target domain). Lakoff and Johnson's conceptual metaphor working mechanism well reveals the essence of conceptual metaphor mapping. However, the conceptual metaphorical working mechanism can not give a more detailed and concrete explanation for the phenomenon of mapping priority interpretation in cross-domain mapping-some attributes in source domain are first mapped to target domain-in the process of cross-domain mapping. In order to further reveal the law of metaphorical knowledge solution, this paper takes the conceptual metaphor mapping mechanism of Lakoff and Johnson as a framework on the basis of previous studies by some researchers. The prototype theory is used to explore the phenomenon of mapping priority interpretation in conceptual metaphor. In this paper, the target domain and the source domain are regarded as two independent different categories, namely, the target domain category and the source domain category, and the metaphorical mapping is regarded as the mapping from the source domain category attribute to the target domain category. The study shows that the preemptive interpretation of conceptual metaphor is closely related to the prototype characteristics of the source domain category attribute, the ambiguity of the source domain category boundary, and the hierarchy and status inequality of the source domain category attribute. And this phenomenon generally exists in human cognitive thinking activities. In addition, the preemptive interpretation of metaphorical mapping is also related to cognitive ability, real world, traditional practice, context and culture. In the aspect of cognitive ability, because of the different understanding of attributes in source domain, conceptual metaphor has different preemptive interpretation: in the real world, Because some experience with the target domain category makes it easier to interpret one (some) attribute in the source domain category, resulting in different mapping priorities; in traditional conventions, The commonality of some attributes in the source domain is the main reason leading to its priority mapping; in context, some attributes in the source domain can be highlighted in a specific context, and in the cultural aspect, because of history, some attributes in the source domain can be highlighted. The different geographical conditions, religious beliefs and behavior habits make people have different understanding of the attributes in the source domain, which leads to the difference of the preemptive interpretation of the mapping. The thesis is also a further understanding and reflection on the working mechanism of Lakoff and Johnson's conceptual metaphor, which is beneficial to the further study of conceptual metaphor mapping from the perspective of categorization.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H05

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