两周金文中的第二人称代词

发布时间：2018-07-13 20:06

【摘要】：两周金文中的第二人称代词有"乃、汝、r>(尔)、而、若"五个,。从出现频率看,"汝、乃"为高频词,后三词出现频率很低。句法功能方面,"乃"和"汝"截然有别,即"乃"几乎只充当定语,而"汝"可以充当宾语、主语、兼语,几乎不充当定语。出现时间上,"乃"集中于西周时期,且各个阶段差别不大;"汝"亦集中于西周时期,但西周晚期比例更高;"r>"(尔)东周时期比例更高,"而"则全部见于东周时期。与殷墟甲骨文相比,两周金文中的第二人称代词系统更加完备,一方面新出现了"r>(尔)、而、若"三词,另一方面"汝、乃"的出现频率非常高。与《尚书》《诗经》相比,可以看出三者中代词的个体数量基本相同,常见代词基本相同,"汝"的句法功能相同;不同的主要是"乃",其在两周金文中的用法与《尚书》接近而和《诗经》差别较大。
[Abstract]:The second person in the two weeks' Jin text said the pronoun "Yes, you are r > (er), and if," five. From the frequency of appearance, "you are" is a high-frequency word, the last three words appear very low frequency. In syntactic function, "Nai" and "Ru" are completely different, that is, "Nai" almost only acts as attributive, while "you" can act as object, subject, concurrent word and almost no attributive. "Nai" was concentrated in the Western Zhou period, and there was little difference in each stage; "you" was also concentrated in the Western Zhou period, but the proportion of the late Western Zhou Dynasty was higher; "r >" (er) Eastern Zhou Dynasty had a higher proportion, and "all" was found in the Eastern Zhou period. Compared with the oracle bone inscriptions of Yin ruins, the second person pronoun system in the two-week Jin script is more complete. On the one hand, "r > (er)" appears, and if "three words", on the other hand, "you, Nai" appear very frequently. Compared with the Book of songs, we can see that the number of pronouns is basically the same, the common pronouns are basically the same, and the syntactic functions of "you" are the same. The main difference is "Nai", which is close to the Shang Shu and quite different from the Book of songs in the two weeks.
【作者单位】：吉林大学文学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(编号07JA740014) 吉林大学种子基金项目(编号2010ZZ045)
【分类号】：H121;K877.3

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