汉语和韩语否定词对比分析

发布时间：2018-07-16 17:10

【摘要】：对比语言学,是通过对两种或两种以上的语言进行对比研究,分析它们各自的特点,从而总结出相同点和不同点,并以此为基础来进一步揭示语言本质的一门学科。本文以该理论为依据,以韩语否定文1和汉语否定句为研究对象,分别对其用法进行整理、总结,并对两者的异同进行系统分析。首先,我们确定了研究对象,提出了研究目的和必要性,并对先行研究进行了总结。接着对韩语和汉语中否定的定义和用法进行整理,并通过较多的例文,逐一详细地进行分析研究。此外,我们也参考了前辈们在这方面的研究成果,并结合我们的具体分析进行了进一步的探讨。具体地说,论文主要对两种语言中使用频率较高的否定词“(?)、不”“吴、没”“(?)、别”分别进行了对比。经过分析,我们发现它们有相互交叉的地方,但更多的是其差异。首先,“(?)”和“不”都可以用在单句或复句中用来修饰动词或形容词,但在所修饰的动词方面,二者并不是完全相同。如“不”可以和表示认知的动词相搭配,而“(?)”不可以。反之,“(?)”可以和结果补语或表示经历的“(?)(?)”(相当于汉语中的“过”)同现,而汉语的“不”却不能这么运用。其次是韩语否定词“(?)”和与之对应的汉语否定词“没”的对比分析。一般情况下,二者都不修饰限定形容词。其不同点在于否定词“吴”或含有它的否定短语“(?)”是对行为主体的能力进行否定,而“没”却没这个作用,它只是对某种动作、状态或经历进行客观性的否定。当“没”后面紧跟能愿动词“能”时,它才具有和“吴”相类似的作用。与前两对相对应的否定词不同,第二语言习得者在习得“(?)”和“别”时,偏误发生的频率较低。因为两者的相似点较多,如它们都可以用在祈使句中表示不允许或禁止做某事,前面加上副词“最好”后皆可用来表示劝说或建议。另外,我们还对韩汉双重否定进行了对比,把否定词的对比扩大到句法层面,并发现了韩汉否定词在用法上的更多的差异。如在双重否定句中,汉语否定词存在多种变化格式,而韩语相对来说变化比较单一；其次,在同一个句子当中,韩语否定词2可以两个或多个连用,而汉语没有多个否定词连用的情况。
[Abstract]:Contrastive linguistics is a discipline based on the comparative study of two or more languages and the analysis of their respective characteristics so as to sum up the similarities and differences and further reveal the essence of language. On the basis of this theory, this paper takes Korean negative text 1 and Chinese negative sentence as the research objects, respectively, to sort out and summarize their usage, and to analyze their similarities and differences systematically. First of all, we define the research object, propose the purpose and necessity of the research, and summarize the advance research. Then the definition and usage of negation in Korean and Chinese are sorted out and analyzed one by one through more examples. In addition, we also refer to the previous research results in this area, and combined with our specific analysis for further discussion. Specifically, the thesis mainly compares the negative words "(?)", "Wu" (not "Wu") and "Bei" (?) which are frequently used in the two languages. After analysis, we found that they have intersecting place, but more is its difference. First, "(?)" Both "no" and "no" can be used to modify verbs or adjectives in simple or complex sentences, but they are not identical in terms of the modified verbs. For example, "no" can be matched with a verb indicating cognition, and "(?)" No. Conversely, "(?)" "(?)" that can be used as a complement to the result, or "(?)" that indicates experience. " (equivalent to "past" in Chinese) co-occurrence, but the Chinese "no" can not be used in this way. The second is the Korean negative word "(?)" And the corresponding Chinese negative word "no" comparative analysis. In general, neither modifies a qualified adjective. The difference lies in the negative word "Wu" or the negative phrase "?" It is the negation of the ability of the behavior subject, but not the function of "no". It is just the negation of the objectivity of a certain action, state or experience. It has a similar function to Wu when it is followed by the verb "can". Different from the negative words in the first two pairs, the second language learner is in the acquisition of "?" The frequency of errors occurs at a lower frequency when the word "parting" is used. Because there are many similarities between them, for example, they can be used in imperative sentences to indicate that they are not allowed or forbidden to do something, and the adverb "best" can be used to express persuasion or suggestion. In addition, we compare the double negation between Han and Chinese, extend the contrast of negative words to syntactic level, and find more differences in usage of Han and Han negative words. For example, in the double negative sentence, the Chinese negative words have many different formats, while the Korean language is relatively single. Secondly, in the same sentence, the Korean negative word 2 can be used in two or more conjunctions. However, there are not many negative words in Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136;H55

【参考文献】