汉语军事成语的语义及文化内涵探析

发布时间：2018-07-16 17:14

【摘要】：军事成语是成语中颇具特色的一个类聚。本文将军事成语作为研究对象,首先界定军事成语,并提出判定军事成语的标准,接着探讨了军事成语构成成分中军事装备词的词义,研究了军事成语语源及其构成方式、语义内容和文化含义。针对不能从语表义直接通达语位义的成语,本文从词义和语源角度提出判定军事成语的两条标准。标准一要求成语构成成分的语素义与军事相关,且语源义同时也应与军事相关。与军事相关的词主要包括矛、戈、戟、钺等兵器词,也包括车、马、冲等表载器的词,还包括旌、鼓、旆、牙等表指挥的词,同时表军事编排和人员的词如营、师、旅、卒及表防御工事的词如城、池、垒等都是与军事相关的词。标准二针对不含与军事相关的语素或词的成语,只要求其语源义与军事相关便可将其视作是军事成语。这两条标准有助于文章研究范围的确定。对军事成语构成成分的词义解析,是准确把握军事成语语义的基石。军事成语中有大量表军事装备的词,如矛、戈、戟、枪等表兵器类的词,还有一些表射远功能的词和表防护装具的词如弓、弩、矢、甲、胄等,也有一些词在古代作战中具有传达信息的作用,如角、旌、旗、金等。文章还对军事成语的语源及其构成方式进行了研究。通过对语料的分析,发现军事成语多来源于古代兵书、诸子百家著作、史书、文学作品等,概括式、摘取式、节缩式是成语语源构成方式的主要类型。本文也在成语中介符号理论的基础上,明确了成语内部形式的概念,分析了军事成语中具有描述性特点的成语的内部形式,并根据成语内部形式理论,将这些成语分为神情·姿态类、行为·作风类、方式·途径类、氛围·态势类。对成语内部形式的分析实质也是对成语语义内容的分析。这些成语的内部形式均是本民族人基于自身经验,建构意象,从特定的角度以特定方式,观察成语语义所要表达对象的外显特征。成语中往往蕴含着丰富的文化,因此本文以文化语言学为视角,挖掘了军事成语负载的文化信息。由军事成语可以透视古代慎战思想、谋略思想以及古代选将任贤的价值观和投降礼仪文化。
[Abstract]:Military idiom is a special kind of idiom. This paper takes military idioms as the object of study, first defines military idioms, puts forward the criteria for judging military idioms, then probes into the meaning of military equipment words in the components of military idioms, and studies the etymology of military idioms and their forms. Semantic content and cultural meaning. In view of the idioms which can not be understood directly from the semantic expression, this paper puts forward two criteria for judging military idioms from the perspective of etymology and etymology. Standard one requires that the morpheme meaning of idiom composition is related to military, and the etymological meaning should also be related to military. The military-related words mainly include the words of spear, GE, halberd, Yue and so on. They also include the words of chariot, horse, and chong, as well as the words of command, such as jingle, drum, locale, tooth, etc. At the same time, the words of military arrangement and personnel such as battalion, division, brigade, etc., The words such as city, pool, base, etc. are military related words. In view of idioms which do not contain morphemes or words related to military affairs, they can be regarded as military idioms if they only require their etymological meaning to be related to military affairs. These two standards are helpful in determining the scope of the article. The semantic analysis of the components of military idioms is the cornerstone of accurately grasping the semantics of military idioms. Military idioms contain a large number of words for military equipment, such as spears, gors, halberds, guns, and other words for weapons. There are also words for distant functions and for protective gear, such as bows, crossbows, arrows, armour, and armour, etc. There are also words used to convey information in ancient warfare, such as horns, sparks, flags, gold, etc. This paper also studies the etymology and its formation of military idioms. Through the analysis of the corpus, it is found that most of the military idioms come from ancient military books, hundreds of works of various schools of thought, history books, literary works, etc. On the basis of the theory of idiom intermediary symbol, this paper clarifies the concept of internal form of idioms, analyzes the internal forms of idioms with descriptive characteristics in military idioms, and according to the theory of internal forms of idioms, These idioms are divided into facial expressions, behavior styles, ways and means, atmosphere and posture. The essence of the analysis of the internal forms of idioms is also the analysis of the semantic content of idioms. The internal forms of these idioms are based on their own experience, construct images, and observe the explicit features of the objects that idioms are intended to express in a specific way from a specific angle. Idioms often contain rich culture, so this paper excavates the cultural information of military idioms from the perspective of cultural linguistics. From the military idiom, we can see through the ancient thought of careful war, the thought of strategy and the culture of value and surrender etiquette of the general of ancient times.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H136.3

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