鄂伦春语亲属称谓研究
发布时间：2018-07-17 06:02
【摘要】：本文以历经诸多文化变迁的鄂伦春语亲属称谓为研究对象,立足于亲属称谓的系统描写,综合运用人类语言学、民族学、浑沌学、认知语言学的理论与方法,研究亲属称谓系统的共时状态与历时演变。共时研究从语义学、形态学、语用学、类型学四个方面考察鄂伦春亲属称谓系统,为历时研究作铺垫。历时研究旨在探寻语言文化接触与变迁的实质。在接触过程中,地理毗邻程度、政治经济文化地位、人口比例、接触程度等因素决定了所接触的语言文化之间相互影响的程度。地理上毗邻为语言文化接触提供了前提；在地理毗邻的前提下,政治经济文化处于强势地位的语言文化(如本文中的达斡尔族文化与汉族文化),因其可以给予弱势语言文化(鄂伦春族文化)经济利益,更倾向于影响后者。经济利益导致弱势文化群体趋向于与强势文化群体通婚,族际婚姻为更深层次的语言接触提供了最佳途径。但是,如果弱势文化在人口上占有绝对优势(如本文中库玛尔千鄂伦春人的称谓文化)对强势文化的冲击会有较强的抵制能力。语言在变迁过程中,不可避免地历经各种变异,但是语言底层的结构(如本文中鄂伦春语亲属称谓的长幼区分原则,称谓能指与称谓所指之间的相似性原则)在系统中保持很强的延续性。这些底层结构很可能是某些语言的亲属称谓最为原初的共性特征。同时,在强势语言文化的影响下,弱势语言文化势必发生变异(也不排除强势语言文化同时发生变异的可能性)。亲属称谓系统也不例外。鄂伦春语亲属称谓,先后在达斡尔族与汉族两个强势文化的冲击下,系统特征由“以类分式为主描写式为辅”演变为“以描写式为主类分式为辅”。鄂伦春语亲属称谓的个案研究表明,亲属称谓系统是历史的产物。论文框架大致如下： 第一章阐述选题的意义、研究问题、研究方法与创新性。 第二章综述国内外相关研究文献。 第三章、第四章、第五章、第六章从语义、形态、语用、类型四个方面共时研究鄂伦春语亲属称谓,为亲属称谓的历时比较研究做铺垫。 在大量语用数据的基础上,共时研究表明,鄂伦春语亲属称谓形态的典型特征是称谓的对偶性,即语义对称的称谓在形态上呈对称分布。鄂伦春语亲属称谓在不同的语境下具有不同的形态特征,并在亲属指称之外,具有情感、社交等附加语义功能。在父母的同胞称谓与祖辈称谓等系统层面存在地域差异。三种亲属称谓——父母的男性同胞、父母的女性同胞、同胞的子女称谓在类型上属于罕见型。 第七章在共时研究的基础上,历时研究鄂伦春语亲属称谓。 首先,将代表鄂伦春语亲属称谓不同发展阶段的系统——二十世纪初后贝加尔通古斯系统、二十世纪初毕拉尔千系统、当代毕拉尔千系统——作对比分析,力图发现系统之间的延续性与变异。核心问题是运用大量的语言事实证明二十世纪初后贝加尔通古斯系统代表鄂伦春语亲属称谓早期系统的特征。 其次,在这一立论前提下,比较分析不同阶段的鄂伦春语亲属称谓系统发现如下历时演变规律： (一)系统特征的历时演变规律 1.系统特征由早期的“类分式为主描写式为辅”演变为当代的“描写式为主类分式为辅”,这一演变过程主要由于辈分区分在系统内的扩散引起。 2.称谓的形态分布,在早期系统中,呈相对平衡态——尽管长幼维度上,长辈区分性别,幼辈不区分性别；在二十世纪初毕拉尔千的系统中呈极不平衡态——例如,在男系女系维度上,称谓主要集中在男系男性亲属区域,该区域的称谓多为描写式,而女系女性亲属区域或为空白(无称谓),或有称谓但更趋向于类分式称谓；在现代毕拉尔千系统中,这种性别上的称谓不平衡分布又趋向平衡态。 (二)称谓形态的演变规律 1.早期系统以单纯词为主,极少复合词；后期的系统,二十世纪初毕拉尔千的数据显示,复合称谓数量骤增,复合词的构成或以早期系统的单纯词相互组合,或以单纯词附加一些表示辈分、长幼、系属的词或词缀构成。 2.在复合词增加的同时,外来词也有所增加；从现代毕拉尔千的系统看,相对于二十世纪初毕拉尔千的系统,早期系统遗存的称谓词,部分消失,如oki,onin等；系统继续从外族借入外来称谓,如t(?)amaa-(?)w(?)(at(?)awa)/t(?)iu(?)。 3.同一称谓语义范畴不同源的称谓词并存。由于先后从不同民族语言引入了外来称谓,出现了旧有称谓(或外来词或固有称谓)与新入外来词并存的现象。这一现象主要局限于毕拉尔千鄂伦春族。例如,“叔父”有三个变体——t(?)amaa/(?)t(?)/nit(?)uxun ama“婶母”有三个变体——(?)t(?)w(?)(at(?)awa)/t(?)iu(?)。兄嫂有三个变体——(?)t(?)w(?)(at(?)awa)(新兴、胜利)/(?)x(?)(新兴、胜利)。 (三)称谓语音的演变规律 鄂伦春语亲属称谓系统历时演变经历了如下音变：o/a→(?),o→(?)/a,k→x, n→(?),u→1。 最后,以达斡尔族、汉族与鄂伦春族的民族交往史为例,简要分析鄂伦春语亲属称谓系统历时演变的成因。 第八章,鄂伦春语亲属称谓的浑沌学、认知语言学分析。 一方面,灵活运用浑沌学的层次自相似性、奇异吸引子、系统初值的敏感性等概念尝试解释鄂伦春语亲属称谓形态的非对等分布特征与系统初值在历时演变中的延续性。系统初值的延续性包括核心称谓在不同系统中的延续性,长幼区分原则、称谓能指与称谓所指之间的相似性原则在不同系统中的延续性。另一方面,结合认知语言学的相似性原则剖析鄂伦春语亲属称谓能指与称谓所指之间的对应性。 第九章,结论。讨论鄂伦春语亲属称谓现象所反映的语言文化问题。
[Abstract]:Based on the systematic description of relative appellations, based on the systematic description of kinship appellations and the comprehensive use of the theories and methods of human linguistics, ethnology, chaos and cognitive linguistics, this paper studies the synchronic state and diachronic evolution of the kinship appellation system. The study of synchronic studies from semantics, morphology, pragmatics, and classes. Four aspects of Oroqen's kinship appellation system are investigated to pave the way for diachronic research. Diachronic research aims to explore the essence of linguistic and cultural contact and change. In the process of contact, the degree of geographical proximity, political and cultural status, the proportion of population, and the degree of contact are determined by the degree of interaction between language and culture in contact. On the premise of geographical proximity, the language and culture of political and economic culture, such as the Daur culture and Han culture in this article, can give the economic benefits of the disadvantaged language culture (Oroqen Culture), and tend to influence the latter. Economic interests lead to weakness. Cultural groups tend to intermarry with strong cultural groups, and inter ethnic marriages provide the best way for deeper language contact. However, if the disadvantaged culture occupies an absolute advantage in the population (such as the address culture of Kumar KUMAL in this article), it will have a strong resistance to the impact of strong culture. Language is in the process of change, Inevitably, there are various variations, but the structure of the underlying language (such as the principle of the distinction between the elder and the young of the relative appellation of the orochun language in this article, the similarity between the appellation and the appellation) maintains a strong continuity in the system. These underlying structures are most likely to be the most original common features of the kinship appellations of some languages. Under the influence of strong language culture, the disadvantaged language and culture are bound to mutate (and do not exclude the possibility of a strong language culture at the same time). The kinship appellation system is no exception. The case study of the relative appellation of the orun spring language shows that the kinship appellation system is the product of history. The framework of the thesis is as follows:
The first chapter expounds the significance of topic selection, research questions, research methods and innovation.
The second chapter reviews the relevant literature at home and abroad.
The third chapter, the fourth chapter, the fifth chapter, the sixth chapter from the semantic, form, pragmatics, type four aspects to study the relatives appellation of the oroan spring language, which pave the way for the diachronic comparative study of the kinship appellation.
On the basis of a large number of pragmatic data, a synchronic study shows that the typical feature of the form of kinship appellation in the orochun language is the duality of the appellation, that is, the semantic symmetry of the appellation is symmetrically distributed in the form. Semantic function. There are regional differences in the system level of parents' compatriot appellation and ancestral appellation. Three kinds of relative appellation - the male compatriots of parents, the women of their parents, and the appellations of the children of their compatriots are in the rare type.
On the basis of the synchronic study, the seventh chapter studies the appellation of relatives in orun Chun.
First of all, the system, which represents the different development stages of the relative appellation of the Oroqen language, is the Vega M Ton Gus system in the early twentieth Century, the system in the early twentieth Century, and the contemporary life of the life of the life, trying to find the continuity and variation between the systems. The nuclear heart problem is the use of a large number of linguistic facts to prove the twenty world. After the beginning of the period, the Baikal Tong Gu system represented the early system characteristics of the kinship terms in the Oren Chun language.
Secondly, on the premise of this argument, we compare and analyze the different kinship appellation systems in different periods.
(1) the rule of diachronic evolution of the system characteristics
1. the characteristics of the system have evolved from the early "category based description as the supplement" to the contemporary "descriptive dominant category as the subsidiary". This evolution process is mainly caused by the differentiation of the generations in the system.
The form distribution of the 2. appellations, in the early system, is relatively balanced - although the elders are in the dimension, the elders distinguish sex and the young do not distinguish sex; in the early twentieth Century, the system is extremely unbalanced - for example, in the male line dimension, the appellation is mainly concentrated in the male family's relative area, and the appellation of the region is much more. For the descriptive style, the female relative area of the female is blank (no appellation), or the appellation but more inclined to the class appellation; in the modern baler thousand system, the unbalanced distribution of the sexual appellations tends to be balanced.
(two) the evolution law of the form of appellation
In the early 1., the system was dominated by simplex words and very few compound words; in the later period, the system of the early twentieth Century showed a sudden increase in the number of compound appellations, the composition of the compound words or the combination of the early simplex words of the system, or the words or affixes representing the generation, the young, the genus, or the affixes with the simplex words.
2. in the addition of the compound words, the loanwords also increased; from the system of the modern millennium, the appellations of the early system were partially disappearing, such as Oki, onin, and so on; the system continued to borrow foreign appellations from the foreign countries, such as t (?) amaa- (?) w (?) AWA) /t (?) IU (?).
3. the coexistence of appellation words that are different from the same name semantic category. Due to the introduction of foreign appellations from different ethnic languages, the existing appellations (or loanwords or inherent appellations) coexist with new entry words. This phenomenon is mainly confined to the's thousand Oroqen. For example, the "Uncle" has three variants - amaa/ (?) t (?) ) /nit (?) uxun AMA "aunt" has three variants - (?) t (?) w (?) w (?) /t (?) IU (?). Sister sister-in-law has three variants - (?) t (?) w (?) (? Emerging, victory) / (?)
(three) the evolution law of appellation speech
The evolution of the kinship appellation system in the orun Chun language has undergone the following phonetic changes: o/a to (?), O to (?) /a, K to x, n to (?), u to 1.
Finally, taking the history of ethnic exchanges between the Daur nationality, the Han nationality and the Oroqen nationality as an example, the reasons for the diachronic evolution of the kinship appellation system in Oren Chun language are briefly analyzed.
The eighth chapter is the chaos theory and cognitive linguistics analysis of the kinship terms in orunchun language.
On the one hand, the concepts of the hierarchical self similarity, the singular attractor and the sensitivity of the initial value of the system are applied flexibly to explain the non equivalent distribution characteristics of the kinship appellation form in the orun spring language and the continuity of the initial value in the diachronic evolution. The continuity of the initial value of the system includes the continuity of the core appellation in different systems, the differentiation of the young and the young. In principle, the appellation can refer to the continuity of the principle of similarity between the reference and the appellation. On the other hand, it combines the similarity principle of cognitive linguistics to analyze the correspondence between the kinsfolk appellation and the appellation.
The ninth chapter, conclusion, discusses the linguistic and cultural problems reflected in the kinship terms of the orun Chun language.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H224
本文编号：2129328
[Abstract]:Based on the systematic description of relative appellations, based on the systematic description of kinship appellations and the comprehensive use of the theories and methods of human linguistics, ethnology, chaos and cognitive linguistics, this paper studies the synchronic state and diachronic evolution of the kinship appellation system. The study of synchronic studies from semantics, morphology, pragmatics, and classes. Four aspects of Oroqen's kinship appellation system are investigated to pave the way for diachronic research. Diachronic research aims to explore the essence of linguistic and cultural contact and change. In the process of contact, the degree of geographical proximity, political and cultural status, the proportion of population, and the degree of contact are determined by the degree of interaction between language and culture in contact. On the premise of geographical proximity, the language and culture of political and economic culture, such as the Daur culture and Han culture in this article, can give the economic benefits of the disadvantaged language culture (Oroqen Culture), and tend to influence the latter. Economic interests lead to weakness. Cultural groups tend to intermarry with strong cultural groups, and inter ethnic marriages provide the best way for deeper language contact. However, if the disadvantaged culture occupies an absolute advantage in the population (such as the address culture of Kumar KUMAL in this article), it will have a strong resistance to the impact of strong culture. Language is in the process of change, Inevitably, there are various variations, but the structure of the underlying language (such as the principle of the distinction between the elder and the young of the relative appellation of the orochun language in this article, the similarity between the appellation and the appellation) maintains a strong continuity in the system. These underlying structures are most likely to be the most original common features of the kinship appellations of some languages. Under the influence of strong language culture, the disadvantaged language and culture are bound to mutate (and do not exclude the possibility of a strong language culture at the same time). The kinship appellation system is no exception. The case study of the relative appellation of the orun spring language shows that the kinship appellation system is the product of history. The framework of the thesis is as follows:
The first chapter expounds the significance of topic selection, research questions, research methods and innovation.
The second chapter reviews the relevant literature at home and abroad.
The third chapter, the fourth chapter, the fifth chapter, the sixth chapter from the semantic, form, pragmatics, type four aspects to study the relatives appellation of the oroan spring language, which pave the way for the diachronic comparative study of the kinship appellation.
On the basis of a large number of pragmatic data, a synchronic study shows that the typical feature of the form of kinship appellation in the orochun language is the duality of the appellation, that is, the semantic symmetry of the appellation is symmetrically distributed in the form. Semantic function. There are regional differences in the system level of parents' compatriot appellation and ancestral appellation. Three kinds of relative appellation - the male compatriots of parents, the women of their parents, and the appellations of the children of their compatriots are in the rare type.
On the basis of the synchronic study, the seventh chapter studies the appellation of relatives in orun Chun.
First of all, the system, which represents the different development stages of the relative appellation of the Oroqen language, is the Vega M Ton Gus system in the early twentieth Century, the system in the early twentieth Century, and the contemporary life of the life of the life, trying to find the continuity and variation between the systems. The nuclear heart problem is the use of a large number of linguistic facts to prove the twenty world. After the beginning of the period, the Baikal Tong Gu system represented the early system characteristics of the kinship terms in the Oren Chun language.
Secondly, on the premise of this argument, we compare and analyze the different kinship appellation systems in different periods.
(1) the rule of diachronic evolution of the system characteristics
1. the characteristics of the system have evolved from the early "category based description as the supplement" to the contemporary "descriptive dominant category as the subsidiary". This evolution process is mainly caused by the differentiation of the generations in the system.
The form distribution of the 2. appellations, in the early system, is relatively balanced - although the elders are in the dimension, the elders distinguish sex and the young do not distinguish sex; in the early twentieth Century, the system is extremely unbalanced - for example, in the male line dimension, the appellation is mainly concentrated in the male family's relative area, and the appellation of the region is much more. For the descriptive style, the female relative area of the female is blank (no appellation), or the appellation but more inclined to the class appellation; in the modern baler thousand system, the unbalanced distribution of the sexual appellations tends to be balanced.
(two) the evolution law of the form of appellation
In the early 1., the system was dominated by simplex words and very few compound words; in the later period, the system of the early twentieth Century showed a sudden increase in the number of compound appellations, the composition of the compound words or the combination of the early simplex words of the system, or the words or affixes representing the generation, the young, the genus, or the affixes with the simplex words.
2. in the addition of the compound words, the loanwords also increased; from the system of the modern millennium, the appellations of the early system were partially disappearing, such as Oki, onin, and so on; the system continued to borrow foreign appellations from the foreign countries, such as t (?) amaa- (?) w (?) AWA) /t (?) IU (?).
3. the coexistence of appellation words that are different from the same name semantic category. Due to the introduction of foreign appellations from different ethnic languages, the existing appellations (or loanwords or inherent appellations) coexist with new entry words. This phenomenon is mainly confined to the's thousand Oroqen. For example, the "Uncle" has three variants - amaa/ (?) t (?) ) /nit (?) uxun AMA "aunt" has three variants - (?) t (?) w (?) w (?) /t (?) IU (?). Sister sister-in-law has three variants - (?) t (?) w (?) (? Emerging, victory) / (?)
(three) the evolution law of appellation speech
The evolution of the kinship appellation system in the orun Chun language has undergone the following phonetic changes: o/a to (?), O to (?) /a, K to x, n to (?), u to 1.
Finally, taking the history of ethnic exchanges between the Daur nationality, the Han nationality and the Oroqen nationality as an example, the reasons for the diachronic evolution of the kinship appellation system in Oren Chun language are briefly analyzed.
The eighth chapter is the chaos theory and cognitive linguistics analysis of the kinship terms in orunchun language.
On the one hand, the concepts of the hierarchical self similarity, the singular attractor and the sensitivity of the initial value of the system are applied flexibly to explain the non equivalent distribution characteristics of the kinship appellation form in the orun spring language and the continuity of the initial value in the diachronic evolution. The continuity of the initial value of the system includes the continuity of the core appellation in different systems, the differentiation of the young and the young. In principle, the appellation can refer to the continuity of the principle of similarity between the reference and the appellation. On the other hand, it combines the similarity principle of cognitive linguistics to analyze the correspondence between the kinsfolk appellation and the appellation.
The ninth chapter, conclusion, discusses the linguistic and cultural problems reflected in the kinship terms of the orun Chun language.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H224
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