认知语言学视角下《论语》中概念隐喻的研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 15:39

【摘要】：《论语》是儒家的经典著作,也是中国传统文化的突出代表。长久以来国内外对其在历史影响,应用价值,英译研究等方面进行了广泛而深入的研究。在对本书的语言方面也有大量的研究,但主要停留在文字层面研究书中所涉及的修辞。随着认知语言学的发展,已有少数学者对其从认知的角度进行研究,但依然存在较大的研究空间。鉴于此,本文力图在认知语言学框架内,采用描写和分析相结合的方法,根据概念隐喻理论,将书中的隐喻语料分成结构隐喻、空间隐喻和本体隐喻三大类,详尽地对其源域和目标域的相似性进行分析,挖掘隐喻的认知机制,儒家的思想体系及其对社会文化的影响。并利用意象图式的原理对部分隐喻的结构成因进行了分析,推导中国古代人们的认知模式。研究结果如下： (1)论语中存在四大概念隐喻：人隐喻,即人是植物,动物,器皿,玉,工具,天体等；得道是行路；上中下空间隐喻,即地位高为上,地位低为下,理想状态为上,非理想状态为下,中庸之道为中；抽象概念是具体事物,即将“德,仁,天,鬼”等抽象概念投射到具体事物上,或将其拟人化。从这些概念隐喻可以看到孔子注重人在道德上的修养和完善,提倡中庸的行事之道,重视封建社会等级和秩序,相信鬼神的存在,敬畏天的权威。同时也证明了Lakoff和Johnson的“隐喻无处不在并与文化紧密相关”的观点。(2)对论语中两个重要隐喻“为政以德,譬如北辰,居其所而众星拱之”及“君子之德风,小人之德草,草上之风,必偃。”的意象图式进行了分析,推导出自然宇宙及身体经验对人们认知模式的重要性,并解释了这些隐喻易于理解,广为流传的原因。
[Abstract]:The Analects of Confucius is a classic of Confucianism and also a prominent representative of Chinese traditional culture. It has long studied its historical influence, application value and English translation studies at home and abroad. There is also a lot of research on the language of this book, but it mainly stops in the rhetorical figures involved in the study of the text. In view of the development of cognitive linguistics, a few scholars have studied it from the perspective of cognition, but still there are still large space for research. In view of this, this paper tries to divide the metaphorical materials in the book into structural metaphor, space metaphor and noumenon in the framework of cognitive linguistics. Three major categories of metaphor, the analysis of the similarity between the source and target domains, the cognitive mechanism of metaphor, the ideological system of Confucianism and its influence on the social culture, and the analysis of the structural causes of some metaphors by using the principle of image schema, are used to deduce the cognitive patterns of Chinese ancient generations. The results are as follows:
(1) there are four conceptual metaphors in the Analects of Confucius: human metaphor, that is, human beings are plants, animals, utensils, jade, tools, and celestial bodies; the middle and lower space metaphors, that is, the position is high, the status is low, the ideal state is lower, the ideal state is under, the ideal state is under, the middle way is in the middle; the abstract concept is the concrete thing, forthcoming "virtue, benevolence, heaven, ghosts" and so on. From these conceptual metaphors, we can see that Confucius pays attention to the moral cultivation and perfection of people, advocates the doctrine of the doctrine of the mean, emphasizes the feudal social rank and order, believes in the existence of ghosts and gods, and reverence the authority of the sky. It also proves that the "metaphor of Lakoff and Johnson" is everywhere and the "metaphor is everywhere" (2) the images of the two important metaphors in the Analects of Confucius, such as Beichen, such as the arches of the stars, the virtue of the gentleman, the grass of the small man, the wind on the grass, and the need to be removed, were analyzed, and the importance of the natural universe and physical experience to the cognitive patterns of the people was derived and explained. These metaphors are easy to understand and are widely spread.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H15;B222.2

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