汉语“恐惧”类心理动词语义场的历史演变研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 14:35

【摘要】：汉语有大量同义词。表示同一事物,同一概念,往往有几个,甚至十几个同义词。意义相同或相近的词组成了同义义场。同义义场属于语义场类别中的重要一员。属于同一语义场的各词义有共同的义素,共同义素表明各词义之间的联系；又有一些不同的义素,区别义素表示各词义之间的区别。通过分析同义语义场中各个词的共同义素和区别义素,可以更准确地把握有关的词义。对于同义词的研究,以常用词的研究最为常见。常用词是词汇系统的核心部分,在词汇系统中占有举足轻重的地位,通常可以反映出义场成员在一定时期内的发展变化规律。而心理词汇是常用词中非常重要的部分,不仅与人类社会的诞生和社会意识形态的形成密切相关,也是日常生活中思想意识的集中反映,因此本文以心理词汇为研究重点。本文考察的重点是“恐惧”类心理动词,以语义场理论为基础,选取从上古汉语到现代汉语四个历史平面作为研究范围,对这四个历史平面上“恐惧”类常用词分别进行系统性的描写,并在此基础上对比研究,以探讨“恐惧”类心理动词的特点以及从上古到现代继承与演变发展的原因。第一部分(第一章)回顾基于语义场理论的词汇研究和“恐惧”义词语研究现状,明确本课题的研究对象,阐述本课题的研究方法并交代语料来源。第二部分(第二章-第五章)按照恐惧程度和意义差别,把汉语中的20个常用“恐惧”词语分为三个大的程度类别,结合词典释义和语言的实际运用,对每个常用心理动词详细统计描写,并在最小语义场内对比研究,分析最小子场义位之间存在的上下义位关系,从词汇、语义的角度对“恐惧”类心理动词语义场的演变发展情况作对比研究。第三部分(第六章)得出结论：通过对“恐惧”类语义场的历时比较,总结义场成员的演变特点及原因。
[Abstract]:There are many synonyms in Chinese. The same thing, the same concept, there are often several, or even a dozen synonyms. Words with the same or similar meanings form synonymous fields. Synonymous field is an important member of semantic field category. Each word belonging to the same semantic field has the same sememe, the common sememe indicates the relation between the meanings of each word, and there are some different sememes, which indicate the difference between the meanings of each word. By analyzing the common and differential meanings of each word in the synonym field, we can grasp the relevant meanings more accurately. For synonyms, the study of common words is the most common. The common words are the core part of the lexical system and play an important role in the lexical system. They usually reflect the development and changes of the members of the semantic field in a certain period of time. Psychological vocabulary is a very important part of common words, which is not only closely related to the birth of human society and the formation of social ideology, but also a concentrated reflection of ideology in daily life. The focus of this study is "fear" psychological verbs. Based on the theory of semantic field, four historical planes, from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese, are selected as the research scope. On the basis of systematic description of the common words of "fear" in the four historical planes, this paper makes a comparative study on the characteristics of the psychological verbs of "fear" and the reasons for their inheritance and evolution from ancient to modern times. The first part (Chapter 1) reviews the present situation of lexical research based on semantic field theory and the word "fear", clarifies the research object of this topic, expounds the research methods of this subject and explains the source of the corpus. The second part (Chapters-V) divides the 20 commonly used "fear" words in Chinese into three large degree categories according to the difference of fear degree and meaning, and combines the dictionary interpretation and the actual use of language. A detailed statistical description of each commonly used psychological verb and a comparative study in the minimal semantic field are made to analyze the relationship between the upper and lower sememes among the most minor field sememes. From the semantic point of view, a comparative study is made on the evolution and development of the semantic field of the psychological verb "fear". The third part (Chapter 6) draws a conclusion: through the diachronic comparison of the semantic field of "fear", the evolution characteristics and reasons of the members of the semantic field are summarized.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H13

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