运用否定形式表达肯定含义的英汉构式研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 09:03

【摘要】：所有人类语言都具有肯定和否定结构。一般来说,肯定结构用来表达肯定含义,而否定结构用来表达否定含义。然而许多否定结构也会被用来表达肯定含义。本论文在仔细搜集语料之后,发现了一些常用的此类构式。而构式语法在解释新颖、边缘化的语言现象时具有较为突出的优势,本论文就将从构式语法的角度对此类构式展开分析。文中涉及的语料主要来源于当代美语语料库及北京大学在线语料库。这些构式可归类为三组:双重否定构式、反问构式及包含冗余否定的构式。本文将从句法、语义、语用方面对相关构式进行分析,并试图探索其认知和生成机制,以发现此类语言现象背后的动因。作者通过研究发现了此类构式的一般特征,并发现在英语和汉语中存在着一些在句法构成和语义方面都相对应的构式。此外,这些构式一般有两大语用功能,或者作为肯定强调语,或者作为委婉语。图形背景理论可用来解释此类构式的认知机制。肯定句一般表示事件的发生,被当作图形;而否定句则被当作背景。所以当会话中使用否定句而非肯定句时,否定表达便脱离背景而变为图形,如此也吸引了更多注意力,引发了更多的思考。本文将对英语教学及翻译具有一定的参考价值,能够帮助语言学习者了解更多英语和汉语之间的异同点。此外,我们希望本研究可以对传统研究有所帮助,并吸引更多中外学者投入到这方面的研究中。
[Abstract]:All human languages have positive and negative structures. Generally speaking, the positive structure is used to express the positive meaning, while the negative structure is used to express the negative meaning. However, many negative structures are also used to express positive meanings. After carefully collecting the corpus, this thesis finds some commonly used constructions. Construction grammar has more advantages in explaining novel and marginalized language phenomena. This thesis will analyze this kind of constructions from the perspective of construction grammar. The data in this paper mainly come from the contemporary American corpus and Peking University online corpus. These constructions can be classified into three groups: double negative constructions, reflexive constructions and constructions containing redundant negatives. This paper will analyze the related constructions from syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects, and try to explore their cognitive and generative mechanisms in order to find out the motivations behind these linguistic phenomena. The author finds out the general features of this kind of constructions and finds that there are some corresponding constructions in English and Chinese in syntactic and semantic aspects. In addition, these constructions generally have two pragmatic functions, either as positive emphases or as euphemisms. The graphic background theory can be used to explain the cognitive mechanism of this kind of construction. Positive sentences generally denote the occurrence of events and are regarded as graphics, while negative sentences are used as background. Therefore, when negative sentences are used instead of positive sentences in conversation, negative expressions become graphics instead of background, which also attract more attention and lead to more thinking. This paper will be of some reference value for English teaching and translation, and can help language learners to understand more similarities and differences between English and Chinese. In addition, we hope this study can be helpful to traditional research and attract more Chinese and foreign scholars to study in this field.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H146.3;H314.3

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