连动式到状中式的连续统研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 16:18

【摘要】：本文认为，连动式与动词充当状语的状中结构并不是截然相区别的，而是一个存在着典型成员和非典型成员的连续统。从更广阔的范围上来看，连动式与并列小句之间也存在着彼此相连的关系，因此，“并列小句—连动式—状中式”形成了一个更大的连续统。首先，本文讨论了连动式形成的基础及条件。顺序象似性是支配汉语话语组织结构和句法结构的重要原则。与之相对应的是汉语口语中连词的缺省，存在着许多没有连词连结的平行小句。通过小句整合，连动式最终形成。连动式得以成立的条件主要有两点：连动结构中只能包括两项动词；连动式内部的成分不能同时具备单独报道事件的能力。随后，，本文讨论了“VV式”动词连用结构连动式到状中式的连续统。连动式的两项动词在时间上有先后顺序，动词地位平等；状中式两项动词的时间关系弱化，主次关系凸显。因此，连动式从典型成员到非典型成员的变化就是时间顺序关系的不断弱化；到状中式时，时间关系消失，主次关系变得显赫，两项动词之间形成了不同的语义关系。本文还分别讨论了这种格式中连动式和状中式个成分的特点。充当连动式的V1往往是动作义的自主动词；而充当状语的V1往往是抽象义的双音节动词，可以自主也可以非自主。本文还讨论了一类较特殊的动词连用形式，即“V着V式”，这种格式既不是典型的连动式也不是典型的状中式。作为连动式，两动词成分间一般有三种语义关系：一、时间先后关系；二、目的关系；三、相互说明关系。还讨论了三种作为状中式的“V着V”式：一、“V着”表示动作的持续；二、“V着”表降级地位；三、“V着”表抽象情状。最后，本文讨论了加状语标记“地”才能作状语动词性成分，主要包括：一部分双音节及物动词；“有\无+抽象名词”的动宾结构；人的身体部分或者是依赖人而产生的伴随事物作主语的主谓结构；以及一些固定短语。这些动词性成分能够充当状语的基础都是词语本身含有情状义，在状语标记“地”的作用下得以激活和凸显。
[Abstract]:In this paper, it is argued that the structure in which the verb acts as an adverbial is not a distinct structure, but a continuum in which there are typical members and atypical members. In a wider range, there is also a relationship between the contiguous clause and the paratactic clause. Therefore, "the paratactic clause-the contiguous-Chinese type" forms a larger continuum. First of all, this paper discusses the basis and conditions for the formation of the continuous motion formula. Sequential iconicity is an important principle governing the organizational and syntactic structures of Chinese discourse. It is the default of conjunctions in spoken Chinese, and there are many parallel clauses without conjunctions. Through the integration of clauses, the continuous pattern is finally formed. There are two main conditions for the contiguous verb to be established: only two verbs can be included in the contiguous structure, and the internal elements of the linked verb can not have the ability to report events separately at the same time. Then, this paper discusses the continuum of the continuous structure from the structure to the Chinese form of the "VV" verb. The two verbs of continuous verb have order in time, the status of verb is equal, the time relation of the two verbs in Chinese form is weakened, the relation of primary and secondary is prominent. Therefore, the change from the typical member to the atypical member is the weakening of the temporal order relation, while the temporal relation disappears, the primary and secondary relationship becomes prominent, and the semantic relationship between the two verbs forms a different semantic relationship. In this paper, we also discuss the characteristics of the continuous and Chinese components in this scheme. V1, which acts as a linked verb, is often an autonomous verb of action meaning, while V1, which acts as an adverbial, is a disyllabic verb with abstract meaning, which can be autonomous or involuntary. This paper also discusses a kind of special verb conjunction form, "V with V", which is neither a typical continuous verb nor a typical Chinese form. As a continuous verb, there are generally three semantic relations between the two verb elements: first, the relation of time and order; second, the relation of purpose; third, the relation of mutual explanation. We also discuss three kinds of "V to V" forms as Chinese characters: first, "V zhe" denotes the continuation of action; second, "V Zhe" table demotion; third, "V Zhe" form abstract situation. Finally, this paper discusses the adverbial tagging "place" as the adverbial verb component, mainly including: part of the dicyllabic and object verbs, "there is no abstract noun" verb-object structure; The body part of a person or the subject-predicate structure of something accompanied by a human being; and some fixed phrases. The basis of these verb elements acting as adverbial is that the words contain the meaning of situation, which can be activated and highlighted by the adverbial marker "place".
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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