顺应理论框架下称谓语的语用分析
发布时间：2018-07-31 20:51
【摘要】：作为语言系统的基本成分，称谓语一直是学术界研究的热点话题。称谓语广泛应用于人们的日常交际中，因此研究称谓语的选用很重要。关于称谓语的研究，最早的影响最大的是布朗和吉尔曼，他们认为权势和同等关系是人们选择第二人称代词形式Tu或Vous(你，分别简写为T、 V，此种形式适用于整篇论文)的两个决定性因素。他们两人的研究为之后称谓语的研究奠定了坚实的基础。此后，BrownFord对美国英语中,人们选用什么样的名字来称呼进行了深入研究，提出了美国英语称谓系统的三种语义模式：彼此直呼其名，彼此都使用头衔加姓氏的模式和非对称选择方式。Ervin-Tripp则借鉴电脑中的形式流程图呈现了美语称谓系统。在中国，很多学者在称谓语的研究上也取得了很大的成就。其中的代表人物包括赵元任，，著有《中国人的各种称呼语》和祝畹瑾，仿照Ervin-Tripp，绘制出了汉语称谓系统流程图。但是，之前的研究大多是从社会语言学的角度分析称谓语的分类，功能，大多是静态的研究，而称呼语总是在不同的语境中使用，受到不同因素的影响，这些过程都是动态的。因此，本篇论文致力于应用Verschueren的言语顺应理论，从语用学的角度对称谓语的选用做动态的研究。 Verschueren的言语顺应理论认为语言的使用是人类的一种顺应性行为，是一个不断做出选择的过程。在这个动态的过程中，语境和语言选择二者相互顺应。语言的三个特质：变异性，协商性和顺应性是语言选择的保证。以顺应性为基点，Verschueren从四个角度描写和解释语言的使用，包括顺应的语境关联成分、顺应的结构对象、顺应的动态性和顺应过程的意识突显。言语的选择就是在不断顺应各种交际语境的过程中实现的。交际语境是一个复杂的概念，包含了心理世界、社交世界和物质世界的多种因素，这些因素对言语选择有很大的影响作用。称谓语是语言系统的基本成分，因此言语顺应理论同样适用于称谓语的研究。 本篇论文第一、二部分首先介绍了称谓语的概念和国内外称谓语研究的现状，随后在第三部分呈现了言语顺应理论的基本内容。以言语顺应理论为理论框架，在第四部分，以大量的文学作品和生活实例为语料，本篇论文主要研究了语言使用者顺应不同的交际语境，对称谓语做出选择的动态过程，包括对心理世界的顺应、对社交世界的顺应和对物质世界的顺应。对主要的心理世界的研究，又包含了性格特征、信念、情感、动机等方面。在最后一部分，通过对本篇论文中称谓语使用的大量的语料的分析，本篇论文得出了以下结论：语言使用者必须不断的适应各种不同的交际语境，选择恰当的称谓语才能使交流顺利的开展并进行。同时，也证明了Verschueren的言语顺应理论的强大的解释力和渗透力。论文的最后一部分还涉及了本篇论文的一些不足之处和对进一步研究的启示。
[Abstract]:As a basic component of language system, appellation has always been a hot topic in academic circles. Addressing terms are widely used in people's daily communication, so it is very important to study the choice of address terms. In the study of appellations, Brown and Gilman were the first ones to have the greatest influence. They believed that power and equal relations were people's choice of the second personal pronoun Tu or Vous (you, The two determinants are T, V, which are applicable to the whole paper. Their studies laid a solid foundation for the later study of appellations. Since then, Brown Ford has made an in-depth study of what kinds of names people choose in American English, and put forward three semantic models of the American English appellation system: they call each other their names directly. Ervin-Tripp uses both titles and surnames. Ervin-Tripp presents the American appellation system using the form flow chart in the computer. In China, many scholars have also made great achievements in the study of appellations. The representative figures include Zhao Yuanren and Zhu Wanjin, who are the authors of Chinese titles and Zhu Wanjin. The flow chart of Chinese appellation system is drawn out by imitating Ervin-Tripp. However, most previous studies have analyzed the classification and function of address terms from the perspective of sociolinguistics, and most of them are static studies. However, address forms are always used in different contexts and influenced by different factors. These processes are dynamic. Therefore, this thesis is devoted to the application of Verschueren's speech adaptation theory to the dynamic study of the choice of symmetric predicates from the perspective of pragmatics. Verschueren's speech adaptation Theory holds that language use is an adaptive act of human beings. It's a continuous process of making choices. In this dynamic process, context and language choice adapt to each other. The three characteristics of language: variability, negotiation and adaptability are the guarantee of language choice. Based on adaptation, Verschueren describes and explains the use of language from four angles, including the contextual components of adaptation, the structural object of adaptation, the dynamic nature of adaptation and the awareness of adaptation process. The choice of speech is realized in the process of constantly adapting to various communicative contexts. Communicative context is a complex concept, which includes many factors of mental world, social world and material world, which have great influence on speech choice. Appellation is the basic component of language system, so the theory of speech adaptation is also applicable to the study of appellation. The first and second parts of this thesis first introduce the concept of address terms and the present situation of appellation studies at home and abroad, and then present the basic content of speech adaptation theory in the third part. Taking the theory of speech adaptation as the theoretical framework and taking a large number of literary works and living examples as the corpus in the fourth part, this paper mainly studies the dynamic process of language users' adaptation to different communication contexts and the choice of symmetric predicates. Including the adaptation to the psychological world, to the social world and to the material world. The study of the main psychological world includes personality traits, beliefs, emotions, motivation and so on. In the last part, through the analysis of a large number of corpus used in this paper, we draw the following conclusions: language users must constantly adapt to different communication contexts. Only by choosing the appropriate appellation can the communication be carried out smoothly. At the same time, it also proves that Verschueren's speech adaptation theory has powerful explanatory power and permeability. The last part of the paper also involves some deficiencies of this paper and the inspiration for further research.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136
本文编号：2156789
[Abstract]:As a basic component of language system, appellation has always been a hot topic in academic circles. Addressing terms are widely used in people's daily communication, so it is very important to study the choice of address terms. In the study of appellations, Brown and Gilman were the first ones to have the greatest influence. They believed that power and equal relations were people's choice of the second personal pronoun Tu or Vous (you, The two determinants are T, V, which are applicable to the whole paper. Their studies laid a solid foundation for the later study of appellations. Since then, Brown Ford has made an in-depth study of what kinds of names people choose in American English, and put forward three semantic models of the American English appellation system: they call each other their names directly. Ervin-Tripp uses both titles and surnames. Ervin-Tripp presents the American appellation system using the form flow chart in the computer. In China, many scholars have also made great achievements in the study of appellations. The representative figures include Zhao Yuanren and Zhu Wanjin, who are the authors of Chinese titles and Zhu Wanjin. The flow chart of Chinese appellation system is drawn out by imitating Ervin-Tripp. However, most previous studies have analyzed the classification and function of address terms from the perspective of sociolinguistics, and most of them are static studies. However, address forms are always used in different contexts and influenced by different factors. These processes are dynamic. Therefore, this thesis is devoted to the application of Verschueren's speech adaptation theory to the dynamic study of the choice of symmetric predicates from the perspective of pragmatics. Verschueren's speech adaptation Theory holds that language use is an adaptive act of human beings. It's a continuous process of making choices. In this dynamic process, context and language choice adapt to each other. The three characteristics of language: variability, negotiation and adaptability are the guarantee of language choice. Based on adaptation, Verschueren describes and explains the use of language from four angles, including the contextual components of adaptation, the structural object of adaptation, the dynamic nature of adaptation and the awareness of adaptation process. The choice of speech is realized in the process of constantly adapting to various communicative contexts. Communicative context is a complex concept, which includes many factors of mental world, social world and material world, which have great influence on speech choice. Appellation is the basic component of language system, so the theory of speech adaptation is also applicable to the study of appellation. The first and second parts of this thesis first introduce the concept of address terms and the present situation of appellation studies at home and abroad, and then present the basic content of speech adaptation theory in the third part. Taking the theory of speech adaptation as the theoretical framework and taking a large number of literary works and living examples as the corpus in the fourth part, this paper mainly studies the dynamic process of language users' adaptation to different communication contexts and the choice of symmetric predicates. Including the adaptation to the psychological world, to the social world and to the material world. The study of the main psychological world includes personality traits, beliefs, emotions, motivation and so on. In the last part, through the analysis of a large number of corpus used in this paper, we draw the following conclusions: language users must constantly adapt to different communication contexts. Only by choosing the appropriate appellation can the communication be carried out smoothly. At the same time, it also proves that Verschueren's speech adaptation theory has powerful explanatory power and permeability. The last part of the paper also involves some deficiencies of this paper and the inspiration for further research.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136
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