“有什么X（的）？”构式研究

发布时间：2018-08-08 17:55

【摘要】：“有什么X(的)?”是反问构式,本文立足语言事实,从构式语法的角度对“有什么X(的)?”构式进行系统的考察,在确立其构式地位的基础上,分析该构式的句法、语义、语用特征,归纳构式义,并追溯其历时发展。首先从“有什么X(的)”来源入手,本文认为“有什么X(的)”为动宾结构,“有”是动词,“什么X(的)”是其宾语。“的”为结构助词,“什么”作定语,修饰“X(的)”。再根据X的词性分类详细描写“有什么x(的)?”构式的特征,并描写构式中常出现的附加成分。X以名词,特别是抽象名词居多；如果是谓词性成分,后面需要结构助词“的”将其名词化。“有什么x(的)?”在句中主要作谓语,有时作谓语的一部分。文章还分析了“有什么x(的)?”构式的主语。本文从构式的出现早晚、数量和成熟度角度,得出“有什么X(的)?”构式的原型是“有什么可/好/值得VP(的)?”。该构式的中心义为“不要X了”。构式与其内部的成分有互动关系。构式将对进入其中的AP、VP有选择性。能够进入该构式的形容词只有性质形容词,而动词中的能愿动词和判断动词只能形成“有+什么+不+动词(的)?”。同时,不同类型的VP、AP、NP对构式义会产生影响。“有什么X(的)?”构式的使用语境主要有两种：构式中的“X”直接引述前者言语中的某个词；前文中没有出现后文中的“X”。该构式的焦点根据说话者的个人态度和情感,落在“什么”外的词上。“有什么X(的)?”构式的语用动因是为了彰显感情色彩。 “有什么X(的)?”构式来自古代汉语的“何……之有”句式。春秋时,“何X之有”为主要表现形式,至唐五代,句法结构完成了向“有何／什么X?”的转换。“有什么X(的)?”在宋代成为主要的书写形式。“有什么X(的)?”构式在历史发展中经历了一个从无到有、由少到多的过程。该构式的句法结构不断复杂化,明清时已相当完善。
[Abstract]:"what's the X?" It is a reflexive construction, this article bases on the language fact, from the construction grammar angle, "what is the X?" On the basis of the establishment of its construction status, this paper analyzes the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic characteristics, inductive construction meaning of the construction, and traces its diachronic development. Starting from the source of "what X", this paper holds that "what X" is a verb-object structure, "you" is a verb, and "what X" is its object. "what" is an attributive and modifies "X". Then according to the classification of the part of speech of X detailed description, "what is the x (of)?" The features of the construction and the description of the additional elements. X, which often appear in the construction, are mostly nouns, especially abstract nouns; if they are part of speech, they need to be "nominalized" by the structural auxiliary. "what's the x?" In a sentence it is mainly used as a predicate and sometimes as a part of it. The article also analyzes "what is the x?" The subject of a construction. In this paper, from the point of view of the appearance, quantity and maturity of the construction, we get the conclusion: "what is X?" The prototype of the construction is "what is there / good / worth VP?" The central meaning of the construction is "Don't X". The structure interacts with its internal components. The structure will be selective for APVPs entering them. The adjectives that can enter the construction are only qualitative adjectives, while the willing verbs and the judging verbs in the verbs can only form "what are not verbs?" At the same time, different types of VP- APNP have an effect on the construction meaning. "what's the X?" There are two main contexts for the use of construction: "X" in the construction refers directly to a word in the former language, and "X" in the following text does not appear in the preceding text. The focus of the construction is on the word "what" according to the speaker's personal attitude and emotion. "what's the X?" The pragmatic motivation of construction is to highlight the emotional color. "what's the X?" The construction of "he" comes from ancient Chinese. There is a sentence pattern. In the Spring and Autumn period, "he X you" was the main form of expression. By the Tang and five dynasties, the syntactic structure had been completed to "what / what Xs?" Conversion. "what's the X?" In the Song Dynasty, it became the main form of writing. "what's the X?" Construction has experienced a process from scratch to existence, from less to more in the historical development. The syntactic structure of the construction was complicated and was quite perfect in Ming and Qing dynasties.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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