艾约瑟《官话口语语法》（1857）研究

发布时间：2018-08-09 15:18

【摘要】：本文以19世纪中期的官话题材文献《官话口语语法》（AGrammar of theChinese Colloquial Language）的词法和句法部分为研究对象，对词法、句法进行了探讨和研究，旨在通过对其框架和特点的细致描写，理解艾约瑟的语法观，进一步了解当时的口语语法面貌。文章分为绪论、《官话口语语法》的语素及词的分析、《官话口语语法》的句法研究、《官话口语语法》的评价与结语及附录四个部分。整个体系按照艾约瑟的描述方法层层推进，旨在还原艾约瑟的语法思路，故内容安排如下：绪论部分首先对艾约瑟的生平及主要思想、作品做了介绍，交代了目前国内外关于《官话口语语法》的研究概况，并介绍了《官话口语语法》语料、研究意义，将其定位为一本理论性强的对外汉语教材。《官话口语语法》的词类有十一类，艾约瑟对各词类的形态及语法范畴进行了说明，，并列举了大量的例句，本章梳理了艾约瑟所描述的词类的主要特点，并结合现代汉语做了简单评价。词类和句法虽然是分立的两章，但是二者联系密切，艾约瑟按照由词到句的思路，对句子的产生及分类做了描写，虽然句法一章在整部书中所占比例较小，但却是十分重要的，尤其是修辞部分，前人很少重视过。第四章总结了在本文中得到的结论及启示，将客观的对《官话口语语法》做出评价，首先要肯定的是《官话口语语法》对汉语语法的描写是立足于汉语实际的，但它仍是一部套用西方语法体系的著述，因此在词、句概念等方面上有混淆。附录一、二分别为《官话口语语法》的前言部分和语法部分的翻译。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the lexical and syntactic parts of (AGrammar of theChinese Colloquial Language), the official language literature in the middle of 19th century, are taken as the object of study. The purpose of this study is to describe the structure and characteristics of the lexical and syntactic parts in detail. Understand Joseph's grammatical outlook and further understand the grammatical features of spoken English at that time. The article is divided into four parts: introduction, analysis of morpheme and word in spoken grammar of Mandarin, syntactic study of spoken grammar of Mandarin, evaluation and conclusion of spoken grammar of official dialect and appendix. The whole system is pushed forward in accordance with the description method of Joseph in order to restore the grammatical thinking of Joseph, so the content is arranged as follows: the introduction part first introduces the life and main ideas, works of Joseph. This paper gives an overview of the research on spoken grammar of official dialect at home and abroad, and introduces the corpus of spoken grammar of official dialect, and the significance of the research. There are eleven categories of parts of speech. Joseph explains the morphology and grammatical categories of the parts of speech, and enumerates a large number of examples. This chapter combs the main features of parts of speech described by Joseph and makes a brief evaluation of modern Chinese. Although part of speech and syntax are two separate chapters, they are closely related. According to the idea of word to sentence, Joseph describes the generation and classification of sentences. Although the syntactic chapter accounts for a small proportion in the whole book, it is very important. Especially in rhetoric, the predecessors seldom paid attention to it. The fourth chapter summarizes the conclusions and revelations obtained in this paper, and makes an objective evaluation of Oral Grammar in Mandarin. The first thing to be sure is that the description of Chinese grammar is based on the reality of Chinese. However, it is still a work which applies the western grammar system, so there is confusion in terms of words and sentences. Appendix one and two are the translation of preface and grammar respectively.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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