中美两国元首新年致辞的语类结构潜势对比研究

发布时间：2018-08-13 14:26

【摘要】：国家领导人在新年之际发表新年致辞已经逐渐成为了一种惯例。新年致辞传达了当前国情及相关信息,表达了政府和最高领导人的观点和态度,巩固了与公众的关系,因而日渐重要,受到越来越多的关注。本文尝试以Hasan的语类结构潜势理论为基础,以方琰于1998年总结出的语类结构潜势理论框架为模型,对中美两国国家元首自2002年至2011年发布的各10篇新年致辞为语料进行了语类结构潜势分析和对比,发现中国元首新年致辞包含17个成分,其中有14个必要成分,3个可选成分,并在此基础上得出中国元首新年致辞的语类结构潜势。美国元首的新年致辞共包含14个成分,其中有5个必要成分,9个可选成分,并在此基础上得出美国元首新年致辞的语类结构潜势。此后,作者对两种新年致辞的语类结构潜势进行了对比分析,试图总结出其共同点和不同点。共同点主要表现在共同的交际目标、语境配置与7个相同的结构成分上。不同点主要在于:(1)整体而言,中国元首新年致辞比美国元首新年致辞更为正式且遵循固定不变的模式;(2)语境配置的语旨有所差异,中国元首的新年致辞针对的人群更广泛,更具有国际性,而美国总统新年致辞针对的人群主要为美国民众;(3)除去7个共同的结构成分,两类致辞有更多不同的结构成分。中国元首新年致辞中必要成分多,占比例大,而美国总统新年致辞中可选成分多,比例大,也由此造成了(4)中国元首新年致辞的结构成分的排列顺序较之美国元首新年致辞的顺序更为固定。最后,作者试图对造成以上不同点的原因从历史传统和社会环境两方面进行了分析,认为个人主义与集体主义的差别,权力距离大的文化与权力距离小的文化的差别是造成以上不同点的重要原因。鉴于对政治领袖新年致辞的语类研究较少,本研究希望能够对此做出有益补充,并能对政治类语篇的写作与教学有一定启发。
[Abstract]:It has become customary for national leaders to deliver New year's greetings on New year's Day. The New year's address conveyed the current state of the country and related messages, expressed the views and attitudes of the government and the supreme leaders, consolidated relations with the public, and became increasingly important and received more and more attention. This paper attempts to base on Hasan's theory of class structure potential, and takes the framework of class structure potential theory summarized by Fang Yan in 1998 as the model. This paper analyzes and compares the potential of the Chinese and American heads of state's 10 New year's speeches from 2002 to 2011. It is found that the Chinese head of State's New year's speech contains 17 components, 14 of which are essential and 3 optional. On this basis, the Chinese head of state's New year's speech structure potential. The New year's address of the American head of state consists of 14 components, of which 5 are necessary and 9 are optional. On the basis of this, the potential of the new year's speech of the American head of State is obtained. Then, the author makes a contrastive analysis of the structural potentials of the two New year's addresses, and tries to sum up their common points and differences. The common denominator is the common communicative goal, the context configuration and the seven same structural elements. The main differences are as follows: (1) on the whole, the Chinese head of state's New year's address is more formal than that of the United States' New year's speech and follows a fixed pattern; (2) there are differences in the meaning of the context, and the Chinese head of State's New year's speech is more widely targeted at a wide range of people. The president's New year's address was aimed mainly at the American people; (3) apart from the seven common structural elements, the two types of messages had more different structural components. The Chinese head of State has a large proportion of the necessary elements in his New year's address, while the US President has a large proportion of the optional elements in his New year's speech. As a result, (4) the order of the structural components of the Chinese head of state's New year's address is more fixed than that of the American head's New year's address. Finally, the author tries to analyze the causes of the above differences from the two aspects of historical tradition and social environment, and concludes the difference between individualism and collectivism. The difference between the culture with long power distance and the culture with small power distance is the important reason for the above differences. In view of the lack of linguistic studies on political leaders' New year's speeches, the present study hopes to provide a useful complement and enlighten on the writing and teaching of political discourse.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H15;H315

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