现代汉语语气词的界定标准

发布时间：2018-08-14 16:01

【摘要】：学界对现代汉语语气词范围的认识存在很大分歧,原因在于理论界定不一、鉴别标准不一或标准不够有效、词类参照系不合适。鉴于此,确定现代汉语语气词范围的前提是,除应遵守学界已经提出的有关原则外,还应遵循另外两个原则:折衷原则,即折衷于经典范畴与原型范畴之间,不宜固守极端;词类参照系原则,即以轻声词、情态词作为鉴别语气词的词类参照系。在前个参照系里,语气词与结构助词、体态词等明显有别;在后个参照系里,语气词与语气副词、助动词和叹词明显有别。在此基础上,依据语气词的特点提出界定语气词的四个标准,即语音标准、分布标准、连用标准和隐现标准。遵循如上原则和标准,从学界所提97个语气词"候选者"中初步鉴别出48个现代汉语语气词,包括14个单纯语气词、19个合成语气词、12个合音语气词及3个临时合音形式。排除3个临时合音形式,现代汉语语气词至少有45个。
[Abstract]:There are great differences in understanding the scope of modal words in modern Chinese because of different theoretical definitions, different or insufficient standards of discrimination and inappropriate reference frame of parts of speech. In view of this, the premise of determining the scope of modal words in modern Chinese is that, in addition to the relevant principles that have been put forward by academic circles, the other two principles should be followed: the compromise principle, that is, the compromise between the classical category and the prototype category, should not stick to the extreme; The principle of part of speech reference system, that is to say, a reference system in which softly spoken words and modal words are used as discriminating modal words. In the former frame of reference, the modal words are obviously different from the structural auxiliary words, the body words and so on; in the latter reference system, the modal words are obviously different from the mood adverbs, auxiliary verbs and interjections. On this basis, according to the characteristics of mood words, the paper puts forward four criteria for defining modal words, that is, phonetic standard, distribution standard, concatenation standard and concealment standard. In accordance with the above principles and standards, 48 mood words in modern Chinese were identified from 97 modal "candidates" proposed by academic circles, including 14 pure mood words, 19 compound modal words, 12 consonant modal words and 3 temporary conjunctions. Excluding 3 temporary consonants, there are at least 45 mood words in modern Chinese.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学国际教育学院;
【分类号】：H146

【相似文献】