移民对喀喇沁地区民族构成及语言接触模式的影响

发布时间：2018-08-17 08:47

【摘要】：移民对喀喇沁地区民族构成和语言接触模式的形成有重大影响。平泉县移民开始早、规模大,蒙古族村落成为少数孤岛,在边缘孤岛中,蒙古语以蒙古族聚居的自然村为依托,不同程度地得以保存和传承。喀喇沁旗移民开始早,但受土地所有权限制,形成蒙汉杂居模式,程度逐渐加深,兼用、转用彼此的语言成为自然选择,随着汉族人口占优势,汉语替代蒙古语的趋势开始形成。宁城县的移民开始早,由于有清廷的支持和专门开发机构,移民可以大规模地、独立地建村并开发利用当地的土地和山林,居住模式是分离式的,蒙汉民族各保一方,杂居程度较低,蒙古族聚居村落较好地保存了蒙古语。喀喇沁左翼蒙古族自治县移民及其居住模式深受时局影响,在康熙之前蒙汉自然杂居,乾隆后汉族移民占优势,民国及新中国建立后出现一个调整过程,杂居程度加深,但程度不及喀喇沁旗。在蒙古族聚居的自然村中,蒙古语保留程度比喀喇沁旗好,但不如宁城县。
[Abstract]:Immigrants have a great influence on the formation of ethnic composition and language contact model in Karakerqin. The migration of Pingquan County began early and on a large scale, the Mongolian village became a few isolated islands. In the marginal isolated island, Mongolian language was preserved and passed on in varying degrees based on the natural village inhabited by the Mongolian nationality. The immigrants of Karakat Banner began early, but limited by the land ownership, formed the mixed mode of Mongolian and Han, the degree gradually deepened, used both, switch to each other's language become natural selection, with the Han nationality population dominating. The trend that Chinese replaces Mongolian language begins to form. The immigrants in Ningcheng County started early. Thanks to the support of the Qing government and specialized development agencies, immigrants could build villages on a large scale and independently develop and utilize the local land and forests. The housing pattern was separate, with the Mongolian and Han nationalities protecting one side of the other. The degree of mixed residence is low, and the Mongolian language is well preserved in the villages inhabited by the Mongolian nationality. The immigrants and their living patterns of Karakerqin left-wing Mongolian Autonomous County were deeply influenced by the current situation. Before the Kangxi period, the Mongolian and Han people lived together naturally, the Han nationality immigrants were dominant after the Qianlong period. After the Republic of China and New China were established, there was a process of adjustment, and the degree of mixed residence was deepened. But not as far as the kala Qin Banner. In the natural villages inhabited by Mongolians, Mongolian language is better than Karaqin Banner, but not as good as Ningcheng County.
【作者单位】：中央民族大学语言研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“蒙古语喀喇沁方言语言接触个案研究”(项目编号:07BYY054)阶段性成果
【分类号】：H2

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