现代汉语无标志被动句研究
发布时间：2018-08-17 09:23
【摘要】：我们认为，现代汉语里的被动句以是否有显性标记为标准可以分为两类，一类是有显性的被动标记的被动句，以“被”字句为代表；另一类是受事出现在施事前，不以被动标记“被”和其他准被动标记“让”、“叫”、“给”为标记的被动句，我们称之为无标志被动句。无标志被动句的研究对于现代汉语被动范畴的研究和对外汉语教学都有一定帮助。 绪论部分主要介绍前人对无标志被动句研究的成果和不足。除了无标志被动句单独一节的研究现状之外，我们还搜集了无标志被动句和其他句式相关的研究成果。一方面是因为现有成果较为分散，很多散见于和其他句式的对比研究中；另一方面可以呼应下文的章节安排。绪论中还确立了本文的研究对象和方法。 第一章对无标志被动句作全面分类和描写。首先把无标志被动句分为“NP受+VP”、“NP受+NP施+VP”两类。第一节主要内容是根据VP短语的构成细化小类，分析NP和VP的语义特征；第二、三节除了描写之外，还要分析施事的隐现、出现在不同位置的原因，以及施事和受事的相互制约。 第二章讨论无标志被动句和“被”字句的转换。本章首先从手语应用、儿童语言习得和汉语史三方面，，说明无标志被动句的结构形式符合被动范畴的表达要求，是汉语最原始最基本的被动句；再从语义分析入手，考察二者转换的不对称现象，区分它们在汉语被动句中的使用域，进一步明确无标志被动句的语法特征。 第三章讨论了无标志被动句的原型及其非典型范畴。本章首先从理想化认知模型出发，得出把过程化的事件状态化是无标志被动句产生的重要原因。然后从范畴理论出发，讨论了原型无标志被动句和非典型的派生无标志被动句问题。 第四章分析无标志被动句的认知动机。首先利用图形和背景理论，阐述了无标志被动句的使用动机是突显受事。然后考察了突显与话题和焦点是否矛盾，以及无标志被动句是否属于话题句的问题。 第五章总结本文的结论并对本文写作过程中涉及到但未及深入讨论的问题进行整理并提出相关的设想和进一步的研究方向。
[Abstract]:We think that passive sentences in modern Chinese can be divided into two categories according to whether there are explicit markers, one is passive sentences with explicit passive markers, represented by the word "be", and the other is that the patient appears before the execution of the sentence. We call passive sentences unmarked passive sentences, which are not marked by passive markers and other quasi-passive markers such as "surrender", "call" and "give". The study of unmarked passive sentence is helpful to the study of passive category of modern Chinese and teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The introduction mainly introduces the achievements and shortcomings of previous researches on unmarked passive sentences. In addition to a single section of unmarked passive sentences, we also collect the research results of unmarked passive sentences and other sentence patterns. On the one hand, because the existing results are more scattered, many scattered in the comparative study with other sentence patterns; on the other hand, can echo the following chapter arrangement. The introduction also establishes the research object and method of this paper. The first chapter makes a comprehensive classification and description of unmarked passive sentences. First, unmarked passive sentences are divided into two categories: "NP receives VP" and "NP receives NP as VP". The first section analyzes the semantic characteristics of NP and VP according to the composition of VP phrases. And the mutual restriction between the agent and the patient. The second chapter discusses the transformation of unmarked passive sentence and Bei sentence. This chapter first shows that the structural form of unmarked passive sentence is the most primitive and basic passive sentence in Chinese from the aspects of sign language application, children's language acquisition and Chinese history, and then starts with semantic analysis, which shows that the structural form of unmarked passive sentence conforms to the expression requirement of passive category and is the most primitive and basic passive sentence in Chinese. This paper investigates the asymmetry of the transformation between them, distinguishes their domain of use in Chinese passive sentences, and further clarifies the grammatical features of unmarked passive sentences. Chapter three discusses the prototype of unmarked passive sentence and its atypical category. Based on the idealized cognitive model, this chapter concludes that the process of event state is an important reason for the emergence of unmarked passive sentences. Then, based on category theory, the problem of prototype unmarked passive sentence and atypical derived unmarked passive sentence is discussed. Chapter four analyzes the cognitive motivation of unmarked passive sentences. Firstly, using the theory of graph and background, the author explains that the motive of unmarked passive sentence is to highlight the patient. Then it examines whether salience contradicts the topic and the focus, and whether the unmarked passive sentence belongs to the topic sentence. The fifth chapter summarizes the conclusions of this paper and puts forward some ideas and further research directions for the problems involved in the process of writing but not discussed in depth.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146
本文编号：2187177
[Abstract]:We think that passive sentences in modern Chinese can be divided into two categories according to whether there are explicit markers, one is passive sentences with explicit passive markers, represented by the word "be", and the other is that the patient appears before the execution of the sentence. We call passive sentences unmarked passive sentences, which are not marked by passive markers and other quasi-passive markers such as "surrender", "call" and "give". The study of unmarked passive sentence is helpful to the study of passive category of modern Chinese and teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The introduction mainly introduces the achievements and shortcomings of previous researches on unmarked passive sentences. In addition to a single section of unmarked passive sentences, we also collect the research results of unmarked passive sentences and other sentence patterns. On the one hand, because the existing results are more scattered, many scattered in the comparative study with other sentence patterns; on the other hand, can echo the following chapter arrangement. The introduction also establishes the research object and method of this paper. The first chapter makes a comprehensive classification and description of unmarked passive sentences. First, unmarked passive sentences are divided into two categories: "NP receives VP" and "NP receives NP as VP". The first section analyzes the semantic characteristics of NP and VP according to the composition of VP phrases. And the mutual restriction between the agent and the patient. The second chapter discusses the transformation of unmarked passive sentence and Bei sentence. This chapter first shows that the structural form of unmarked passive sentence is the most primitive and basic passive sentence in Chinese from the aspects of sign language application, children's language acquisition and Chinese history, and then starts with semantic analysis, which shows that the structural form of unmarked passive sentence conforms to the expression requirement of passive category and is the most primitive and basic passive sentence in Chinese. This paper investigates the asymmetry of the transformation between them, distinguishes their domain of use in Chinese passive sentences, and further clarifies the grammatical features of unmarked passive sentences. Chapter three discusses the prototype of unmarked passive sentence and its atypical category. Based on the idealized cognitive model, this chapter concludes that the process of event state is an important reason for the emergence of unmarked passive sentences. Then, based on category theory, the problem of prototype unmarked passive sentence and atypical derived unmarked passive sentence is discussed. Chapter four analyzes the cognitive motivation of unmarked passive sentences. Firstly, using the theory of graph and background, the author explains that the motive of unmarked passive sentence is to highlight the patient. Then it examines whether salience contradicts the topic and the focus, and whether the unmarked passive sentence belongs to the topic sentence. The fifth chapter summarizes the conclusions of this paper and puts forward some ideas and further research directions for the problems involved in the process of writing but not discussed in depth.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146
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