现代汉语频率副词“不断”和“不停”的比较研究

发布时间：2018-08-19 17:21

【摘要】：本文从句法特征、语义特征、语用特征三个方面对频率副词“不停”与“不断”进行对比分析。（一）句法特征方面。首先，考察频率副词“不停”“不断”与动态助词“了”“着”和“过”的共现问题，发现“不停”“不断”与动态助词“了”“过”的共现率基本持平；“不停”与动态助词“着”的共现率高于“不断”。其次，考察“不停”“不断”与“地”的共现情况，“不停”“地”的共现率高于“不断”。最后，再考察“不停”“不断”与动词的共现问题，笔者采用郭锐对动词分类的方法，对“不停”“不断”与各类动词共现情况进行了考察，发现“不停”“不断”几乎不能与状态动词共现，但可以修饰动作动词和变化动词。时间特征方面，从内部时间和外部时间分别进行考察。量特征方面，“不停”的频率高于“不断”。（二）语义特征方面。词典义上显示：“不停”表示不停止，连续地，“不断”表示一次接着一次地，一个接着一个地。从语义分析中显示：“不断”和“不停”这两个副词都可以表示动作、行为、事件发生的次数多、频率高，表示大量的。但“不断”和“不停”则存在频率差异、语义色彩差异和所修饰动作是一次事件和多次事件的差异。（三）语用特征方面。从两个角度进行分析。首先是考察“不停”“不断”对句类的选择，发现“不停”“不断”可以出现在陈述句中，可以出现在特殊疑问句中，但不能出现在感叹句和祈使句之中。其次，考察“不停”“不断”对句态的选择。发现“不停”和“不断”可以出现在主动态语句中，由于对于动词的选择不同，他们在各自的语句中表示的语义有差异。“不停”和“不断”可以进入被动态语句，但所修饰的成分必须是已然状态。最后，考察“不停”“不断”对语体的选择。通过考察语料并分类统计得出：在口语体和文学艺术语体中，“不停”的使用率都高于“不断”；在科学技术语体中两者都占有一定的比重，但“不断”的使用率高于“不停”，，在公文事务语体和大众传播语体中，“不断”较之“不停”在这两类语体中的使用率有明显的优势。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a contrastive analysis of the frequency adverbs "non-stop" and "ceaseless" from three aspects: syntactic features, semantic features and pragmatic features. (1) syntactic features. First of all, we investigate the co-occurrence of the frequency adverb "ceaseless" and the dynamic auxiliary "Zhe" and "pass", and find that the co-occurrence rate of "non-stop" and "constantly" is basically equal to that of dynamic auxiliary. The co-occurrence rate of "ceaseless" and "Zhe" is higher than that of "ceaseless". Secondly, the co-occurrence rate of "ceaseless" and "ceaseless" is higher than that of "ceaseless". Finally, the author examines the co-occurrence of "incessant" and "ceaseless" verbs. The author uses Guo Rui's method of classifying verbs to investigate the co-occurrence of "non-stop" and "incessant" verbs. It is found that "incessant" and "ceaseless" can hardly coexist with state verbs, but can modify action verbs and variable verbs. Time characteristics, from the internal time and external time, respectively. In terms of quantitative characteristics, the frequency of "incessant" is higher than that of "incessant". (2) semantic features. The dictionary says: "stop" means not stop, continuously, "constantly" means time after time, one after the other. The semantic analysis shows that the two adverbs, "ceaseless" and "non-stop", can both represent action, behavior, the frequency and frequency of events, and indicate a large number of them. However, there are frequency differences between "ceaseless" and "incessant", and the differences between semantic color and modified actions are between one event and more than one event. (3) pragmatic features. Analyze from two angles. The first part is to investigate the choice of sentence types from "incessant" to "ceaseless", and find that "ceaseless" can appear in declarative sentences, special interrogative sentences, but not exclamatory and imperative sentences. Secondly, the article examines the choice of sentence form in "ceaseless" and "incessant". It is found that "ceaseless" and "ceaseless" can appear in the main dynamic statements, and because of the different choice of verbs, their semantics are different in their respective statements. "stop" and "keep" can enter dynamic statements, but the modified elements must be already in state. In the end, the author studies the choice of the style of "ceaseless" and "ceaseless". By investigating the corpus and classifying statistics, it is concluded that the utilization rate of "non-stop" is higher than that of "ceaseless" in colloquial style and literary and artistic style, and that both of them occupy a certain proportion in scientific and technological style. However, the utilization rate of "ceaseless" is higher than that of "non-stop". In the style of official document affairs and mass communication, the utilization rate of "ceaseless" is obviously superior to that of "non-stop" in these two styles.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146.2

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